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Table 2 Predictors of proteinuria and tubular dysfunction in HIV-infected Ghanaians

From: Tenofovir is associated with increased tubular proteinuria and asymptomatic renal tubular dysfunction in Ghana

Variable

Proteinuria

Tubular dysfunction

 

OR (95 % CI)

p

aOR (95 % CI)

p

OR (95 % CI)

p

aOR (95 % CI)

p

Age/10 years

0.77 (0.59–1.00)

0.05

0.74 (0.54–1.01)

0.06

0.58 (0.35–0.98)

0.04

0.62 (0.36–1.06)

0.08

Baseline CD4/100 cells/mm3

0.88 (0.77–1.01)

0.07

0.86 (0.74–0.99)

0.04

1.11 (0.88–1.40)

0.38

  

Gender

        

Female

1.05 (0.63–1.78)

0.84

  

0.96 (0.35–2.61)

0.93

  

Male

1

   

1

   

BMI /5 kg/m2

0.88 (0.69–1.12)

0.29

  

0.83 (0.50–1.38)

0.47

  

Each year on ART

0.95 (0.84–1.07)

0.38

  

0.92 (0.69–1.21)

0.53

  

Use of TDF

        

Yes

1.82 (1.12–2.95)

0.01

2.74 (1.38–5.43)

0.004

3.83 (1.24–11.77)

0.02

3.43 (1.10–10.69)

0.03

No

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

Current CD4/100 cells/mm3

0.98 (0.89–1.08)

0.65

  

1.09 (0.93–1.29)

0.29

  

Duration on TDF/1yr

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

0.86

  

1.13 (0.73–1.76)

0.57

  

HBV Serology

        

HBsAg +

0.81 (0.36–1.85)

0.62

  

1.93 (0.49–7.56)

0.34

  

HBsAg -

1

   

1

   
  1. OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, TDF tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, BMI body mass index, ART antiretroviral therapy, HBV hepatitis B virus