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Table 3 Adjusted mean annual change in cognitive scores between anemic vs non-anemic participants. A positive parameter estimate denotes a larger decline in cognitive function for the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam, Category Fluency, Buschke Delayed Recall and Boston Naming tests. For the Trailmaking Test A and B, a negative parameter estimate denotes a larger decline in cognitive function

From: Anemia and risk for cognitive decline in chronic kidney disease

Cognitive test

N

Mean annual change (SE)

Parameter estimate for anemia vs. non-anemia

(SE)

P-value

Modified mini-mental state exam

692

   

 Model

 

0.21 (0.05)

0.190 (0.12)

0.11

 Model 2

  

0.170 (0.13)

0.17

 Model 3

  

0.130 (0.13)

0.31

Category fluency

690

   

 Model 1

 

0.20 (0.06)

−0.280 (0.11)

0.01

 Model 2

  

−0.200 (0.11)

0.08

 Model 3

  

−0.140 (0.12)

0.22

Buschke delayed recall

692

   

 Model 1

 

0.19 (0.03)

−0.030 (0.06)

0.58

 Model 2

  

−0.040 (0.06)

0.56

 Model 3

  

−0.060 (0.06)

0.37

Boston naming

691

   

 Model 1

 

0.07 (0.01)

0.040 (0.02)

0.08

 Model 2

  

0.040 (0.02)

0.08

 Model 3

  

0.040 (0.02)

0.06

Trailmaking test A

685

   

 Model 1

 

−0.93 (0.27)

0.070 (0.46)

0.88

 Model 2

  

−0.210 (0.48)

0.66

 Model 3

  

−0.200 (0.48)

0.68

Trailmaking test B

685

   

 Model 1

 

−2.36 (0.61)

−3.220 (1.52)

0.03

 Model 2

  

−2.330 (1.62)

0.15

 Model 3

  

−1.830 (1.67)

0.27

  1. SE standard error
  2. Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, race, education and CRIC clinical center
  3. Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, race, education, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, alcohol use, and CRIC clinical center
  4. Model 3 is adjusted for age, sex, race, education, CRIC clinical center, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, alcohol use, and estimated glomerular filtration rate