Table 2 Review of the literature (1955–2015) of emphysematous cholecystitis with association with diabetes mellitus or dialysis

1

65

F

CAD

Yes

−

PTGBD & liver abscess drainge/Yes

B/C: Clostridium perfringen/Liver abscess,hemolysis/ -

Cochrane. et al. (2015) [4]

PAD

Previous acute pancreatitis

2

85

M

CAD

Yes

−

Yes/Yes

Bi/C: Clostridium perfringens/-/ -

Mirrakhimov et al. (2014) [20]

3

77

F

Gastric CA

Yes

−

Yes/Yes

-/-/Chemotherapeutic agents

Kuroda et al. (2013) [21]

Arterial sclerosis

4

73

M

Nephropathy Schizophrenia

Yes

−

Yes/Yes

Bi/C: negative/Escherichia Coli related APN/-

Ogawa et al. (2012) [22]

5

11

M

Obesity

Yes (type1) 1D

−

Yes (Lc)/Yes

Bi/C: Enterococcus P/C: Escherichia Coli/Secondary appendicitis/ -

Pal et al. (2011) [23]

6

82

F

SAH

HG while admission (FBG:279mg/dL)

−

Yes/Yes

Bi/C: Clostridium species/Subarachnoidal hemorrhage/ -

Uesaka et al. (2009) [24]

7

65

M

Hypertension

Yes

multiple GB stones

Yes (subtotal Ce & Co) /Yes

Bi/C:toxin A of Clostridium difficile and Escherichia Coli -/ -

Theodossis et al. (2008) [25]

8

87

F

Bedridden state

Yes

−

PTGBD/-

Bi/C & B/C & abdomen soft tissue culture: Clostridium difficile/Renal failure; myonecrosis/-

Safioleas et al. (2007) [26]

9

32

M

Yes

−

Yes (Ce)/No

Bi/C: Escherichia Coli & Clostridium Welchii; Femeral tissue culture: Escherichia Coli/Myonecrosis-

Safioleas et al. (2007) [26]

10

70

M

Heart disease Hyperlipidemia

Yes

Multiple small GB stones

Yes (Ce)/Yes

Bi/C: Clostridium perfringens-/ -

Shresth et al. (2007) [27]

11

68

M

Hypertension CAD

Type 1

−

Yes (Ce)/Yes

B/C: Clostridium perfringens and Corynebacteria-/ -

Bernstein et al. (2007) [28]

12

64

F

Hypertension

Yes

Yes

Yes (Ce)/Yes

B/C: Salmonella derby Bi/C: Negative-/ -

Moanna et al. (2006) [11]

Hypothyroidism

Anemia

13

62

M

Alcoholism

Yes

−

Yes (Ce)/Yes

Bi/C: Klebsiella pneumonia-/ -

Prieto Fernández et al. (2004) [29]

Atrial fribrillation

14

62

M

Alcoholism

Yes

−

Yes (Ce)/Yes

Bi/C: Klebsiella pneumonia-/

Prieto Fernández et al. (2004) [29]

Overweight

−

Atrial fribrillation

15

42

M

Recurrent UTI

Yes

Yes

Yes (Ce)/Yes

U/C & Bi/C : Negative /Emphysematous pyelonephritis/-

Bhansali et al. (2004) [30]

16

55

M

Hypertension

Yes

Yes

-/Yes

N/A

Chiu et al. (2004) [31]

17

70

M

N/A

Yes

Yes (Mirizzi syndrome)

Yes (Ce)/Yes

N/A

Ozkan et al. (2003) [32]

18

66

F

Gastric CA post OP

Yes

−

Yes (PTGBD; Ce and Cd) /Yes

Bi/C: Clostridium perfingens & E. coli/pneumobilia/-

Ohtani et al. (1996) [33]

Breast CA post OP

19

77

M

−

Yes

−

N/A

N/A /Liver abscess-

Matsura et al. (1995) [34]

20

66

M

−

Yes

Yes

Yes (Ce)/Yes

N/A-/ -

Carvalho et al. (1965) [35]

21

68

M

−

Yes

N/A

-/N/A

- /-/ -

Carvalho et al. (1965) [35]