Variable | n | Proteinuria present n (%) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||
1 up to 5 | 63 | 4 (6.1) | |
5 up to 10 | 91 | 2 (2.1) | |
10 and above | 86 | 11 (13.8) | 0.012 |
Sex | |||
Male | 133 | 9 (6.8) | |
Female | 107 | 8 (7.5) | 0.831 |
Use of ART | |||
Yes | 119 | 16 (7.3) | |
No | 21 | 1 (4.8) | 1.000 |
CD4 percent | |||
< 25 % | 64 | 10 (15.6) | |
≥ 25 % | 176 | 7 (4.0) | 0.004 |
Haematuria | |||
Present | 10 | 1 (10.0) | |
Absent | 230 | 16 (7.0) | 0.527a |
BMI Z –score | |||
Median- -1SD | 164 | 11 (6.7) | |
< -1 SD | 76 | 6 (7.9) | 0.739 |
Renal echogenicityb | |||
Normal | 93 | 6 (10.0) | |
Increased | 60 | 9 (9.7) | 1.0 |