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Table 3 EQ-VAS by socio-demographic and clinical characteristics

From: Factors affecting quality of life in patients on haemodialysis: a cross-sectional study from Palestine

Variable

EQ-VAS

P-value

Mean ± SD

Median [interquartile range]

Age category

   

  < 30

59.95 ± 21.53

60 [50–80]

0.010a

 30–60

60.28 ± 21.66

60 [50–75]

  > 60

51.46 ± 23.20

50 [30–70]

Gender

   

 Male

61.26 ± 19.94

60 [50–80]

0.002b

 Female

52.41 ± 24.28

50 [40–70]

BMIc

   

 Underweight

66.13 ± 16.44

65 [50–80]

0.198a

 Normal

55.98 ± 21.92

60 [45–70]

 Overweight

55.31 ± 24.68

50 [40–70]

 Obese

58.25 ± 20.81

50 [45–70]

Smoking

   

 Non smoker

55.96 ± 22.63

50 [45–70]

0.294a

 Light smoker

64.47 ± 21.07

70 [50–80]

 Moderate smoker

63.24 ± 22.29

60 [50–80]

 Heavy smoker

55.00 ± 20.82

55 [35–75]

Education level

   

 No formal education

50.63 ± 23.62

50 [40–70]

0.111a

 Primary

54.72 ± 24.20

50 [40–70]

 Secondary

59.79 ± 20.87

60 [50–70]

 Graduated

59.54 ± 21.77

63 [50–80]

Household income (month)

   

 High (more than 1000 JDd)

58.50 ± 20.00

55 [45–80]

0.968a

 Moderate (400–1000 JD)

56.63 ± 22.05

58 [49–70]

 Low (less than 400 JD)

57.14 ± 23.03

50 [50–72]

Residency

   

 Palestinian refugee camps

62.5 ± 21.92

55 [50–80]

0.145a

 Village

58.25 ± 21.99

60 [50–74]

 City

53.21 ± 23.38

50 [40–70]

Living statues

   

 Alone

57.50 ± 21.30

60 [50–70]

0.761b

 With family

56.98 ± 22.65

50 [48–72]

Marital status

   

 Single, divorced, widowed

55.78 ± 21.84

50 [50–70]

0.608b

 Married

57.54 ± 22.85

60 [50–71]

Occupation

   

 Employed

58.57 ± 21.54

60 [45–75]

0.509b

 Unemployed

56.78 ± 22.71

50 [50–70]

Dialysis session duration (hours)

   

  < 4 h

59.16 ± 51.11

50 [40–70]

0.163b

  ≥ 4 h

60.01 ± 22.13

60 [50–74]

Dialysis vintage (years)

   

  < 4

55.86 ± 22.45

50 [50–70]

0.275b

  ≥ 4

66.30 ± 71.33

60 [49–80]

Transplantation

   

 Yes

62.58 ± 19.54

68 [50–76]

0.212b

 No

59.04 ± 47.35

50 [45–70]

Total chronic co-morbid diseases

   

 None

63.15 ± 21.53

60 [50–80]

0.001a

 1

62.82 ± 21.75

63 [50–80]

 2

59.68 ± 21.04

65 [50–80]

  ≥ 3

56.53 ± 64.48

50 [40–70]

Chronic medications

   

  < 4 drugs/day

63.56 ± 19.96

60 [50–80]

0.042b

  ≥ 4 drugs/day

58.54 ± 48.95

50 [40–70]

  1. Abbreviation: EQ-VAS European Quality visual analogue scale, JD Jordanian Dinar, BMI body mass index
  2. aStatistical significance of differences calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test
  3. bStatistical significance of differences calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test
  4. cData were missing from 11 patients
  5. d1 Jordanian Dinar (JD) equals 1.41 US Dollar