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Table 1 Patient characteristics by drug dependence, N = 511,821

From: Mortality and illicit drug dependence among hemodialysis patients in the United States: a retrospective cohort analysis

Characteristic, n (% column)

No drug dependence (N = 504,360, 98.5 %)

Drug dependence (N = 7,461, 1.5 %)

Age group, years

  

  < 45

56,969 (11.3)

2,427 (32.5)

 45–64

118,758 (37.4)

4,655 (62.4)

 65–74

121,737 (24.1)

289 (3.9)

  > 74

136,896 (27.1)

90 (1.2)

Male gender

283,718 (56.2)

5,286 (70.9)

Race

  

 White

331,019 (65.6)

2,703 (36.2)

 Black

145,126 (28.8)

4,594 (61.6)

 Asian

21,946 (4.3)

44 (0.6)

 Other

6,269 (1.2)

120 (1.6)

Hispanic ethnicity

71,346 (14.1)

769 (10.3)

Primary cause ESRD

  

 Diabetes

232,612 (46.1)

1,893 (25.4)

 Hypertension

145,548 (28.9)

2,568 (34.4)

 Glomerulonephropathy

29,422 (5.8)

637 (8.5)

 Other/Unknown

96,778 (19.2)

2,363 (31.7)

Vascular access at initiation

  

 AVF

70,741 (14.1)

605 (8.2)

 AVG

17,344 (3.5)

227 (3.1)

 Catheter with maturing AVF

78,717 (15.8)

1,048 (14.1)

 Catheter with maturing AVG

12,296 (2.5)

226 (3.0)

 Catheter only

320,720 (64.2)

5,304 (71.6)

No pre-dialysis nephrology care

161,201 (32.0)

4,073 (54.6)

Medicaid insurance

128,990 (25.6)

3,731 (50.0)