Glycaemic control and antidiabetic therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease – cross-sectional data from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) cohort

Table 4 Correlates of median HbA1C levels >7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) according to stepwise logistic regression analysis (final model)

Indicators ^{a, b}	Regression coefficient ^a	Standard error ^a	Odds ratio ^a	95 % confidence interval ^a	P-value ^a
Body mass index (per 1 kg/m² increase)	0.0374	0.0091	1.038	1.020–1.057	<0.0001
Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL increase) ^c	0.1060	0.0323	1.112	1.044–1.184	0.0010
Antidiabetic treatment strategies ^b
Oral anti-diabetic drugs alone, any (n = 426)	0.2177	0.1566	1.243	0.915–1.690	0.16
Oral anti-diabetic drugs plus insulin (n = 141)	1.4428	0.2159	4.233	2.772–6.462	<0.0001
Insulin alone (n = 699)	1.7288	0.1427	5.634	4.260–7.452	<0.0001

N = 266 observations were excluded from the analysis due to combinations that were used less frequently and missing values
^a According to the final model; age, gender, BMI, duration of CKD, physical activity, eGFR, hemoglobin, CRP, and antidiabetic medication were used as variables in the initial model
^b Dietary treatment was used as the reference category for any group of antidiabetic therapy
^c For conversion into SI units (mmol/L): multiply with 0.62

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