Table 2 Criteria suggested for the nutritional monitoring of patients with CKD in conservative treatment. Most nutritional variables should be obtained every 3 months
From: Low-protein diets for chronic kidney disease patients: the Italian experience
Category | Nutritional variable | Additionally useful variables |
|---|---|---|
Biochemical markers | Albumin < 3,8 g/dL Total cholesterol < 100 mg/dL | Transferrin, prealbumin Inflammatory markers: CRP, Total lymphocyte count or percentage |
Body mass | BMI < 23 Kg/m2 Unintentional weight-loss > 5 % in 3 months or > 10 % in 6 months Reduced fat mass < 10 % | Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis |
Muscle mass | Reduction of muscle mass by 5 % in 3 months or 10 % in 6 months Reduced AMA by 10 % as compared to the 50th percentile of the reference population | DEXA (6 months interval) CT and/or MRI (6 months interval) Measurements of muscle strength and function (for example handgrip, 6 min walking test) |
Nutritional intake | Unintentional DPI < 0.6 g/kg/day for at least 2 months Unintentional DEI < 25 kcal/kg/day for at least 2 months | Appetite assessment questionnaires Food frequency and dietary recall questionnaires Measuring energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry Protein catabolic rate (PCR) |
Nutritional scoring system | Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) Malnutrition-inflammation Score (MIS) |