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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the stage 3–4 CKD study cohort based on BMI category

From: Association of anthropometric measures with kidney disease progression and mortality: a retrospective cohort study of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients referred to a specialist renal service

Variable

Total population

Breakdown by BMI (kg/m2)

<18.5

18.5-24.9

25-29.9

30-39.9

≥40

p-value*

(n = 903)

(n = 15; 1.8 %)

(n = 174; 20.7 %)

(n = 293; 34.8 %)

(n = 288; 34.2 %)

(n = 72; 8.6 %)

Male gender

515 (57 %)

2 (13.3 %)

96 (55.2 %)

181 (61.8 %)

169 (58.7 %)

35 (48.6 %)

0.002

Age (years)

66.26 ± 13.62

56.5 ± 18.8

67 ± 15.7

68.3 ± 13

65.4 ± 12.3

61.0 ± 11.1

<0.001

Race

      

0.036

 Caucasian

708 (78.4 %)

11 (73.3 %)

137 (78.7 %)

241 (82.3 %)

226 (78.5 %)

51 (70.8 %)

 

 Non-Caucasian

115 (12.7 %)

2 (13.3 %)

29 (16.6 %)

24 (8.2 %)

36 (12.5 %)

14 (19.4 %)

 

 Not stated

80 (8.9 %)

2 (13.3 %)

8 (4.6 %)

28 (9.6 %)

26 (9.0 %)

7 (9.7 %)

 

Cause of CKD

      

<0.001

 Diabetic nephropathy

243 (26.9 %)

0 (0.0 %)

32 (18.4 %)

59 (20.1 %)

98 (34.0 %)

33 (45.8 %)

 

 Glomerulonephritis

75 (8.3 %)

2 (13.3 %)

17 (9.8 %)

23 (7.8 %)

20 (6.9 %)

5 (6.9 %)

 

 Cystic kidney disease

26 (2.9 %)

1 (6.7 %)

7 (4.0 %)

13 (4.4 %)

4 (1.4 %)

1 (1.4 %)

 

 Other

559 (61.9 %)

12 (80.0 %)

118 (67.8 %)

198 (67.6 %)

166 (57.6 %)

33 (45.8 %)

 

Comorbidities

       

 Diabetes mellitus (n = 902)

387 (42.9 %)

0 (0.0 %)

49 (28.2 %)

114 (28.9 %)

146 (50.7 %)

47 (66.2 %)

<0.001

 CAD (n = 823)

270 (32.8 %)

1 (7.1 %)

49 (31.0 %)

93 (33.6 %)

83 (32.5 %)

21 (33.9 %)

0.351

 CLD (n = 872)

117 (13.4 %)

1 (6.7 %)

21 (12.4 %)

38 (13.5 %)

36 (13.1 %)

16 (22.5 %)

0.228

 CBVD (n = 870)

110 (12.6 %)

0 (0.0 %)

17 (10.2 %)

39 (13.9 %)

40 (14.2 %)

8 (11.6 %)

0.393

 PVD (n = 854)

140 (16.4 %)

0 (0.0 %)

20 (12.2 %)

46 (16.5 %)

54 (19.8 %)

12 (17.9 %)

0.115

Medication use

       

 Lipid lowering (n = 839)

402 (47.9 %)

0 (0.0 %)

72 (43.4 %)

127 (46.4 %)

143 (54.2 %)

38 (56.7 %)

<0.001

 ACEi/ARB (n = 839)

509 (60.7 %)

6 (40.0 %)

93 (56.0 %)

166 (60.6 %)

168 (63.6)

50 (74.6 %)

0.032

 Antihypertensive (n = 822)

655 (79.7 %)

8 (53.3 %)

125 (75.8 %)

220 (80.9 %)

217 (82.2 %)

56 (84.4 %)

0.033

 EPO (n = 839)

29 (3.5 %)

1 (6.7 %)

8 (4.8 %)

10 (3.6 %)

8 (3.0 %)

2 (3.0 %)

0.863

eGFR (n = 903)

37.9 ± 11.7

38.3 ± 12.2

38.3 ± 12.4

37.4 ± 11.3

37.9 ± 11.2

39.9 ± 12.0

0.573

 Stage 3

654 (72.4 %)

11 (1.8 %)

124 (20.2 %)

210 (34.3 %)

212 (34.6 %)

56 (9.1 %)

 

 Stage 4

249 (27.6 %)

4 (1.7 %)

50 (21.8 %)

83 (36.2 %)

76 (33.2 %)

16 (7.0 %)

 

Proteinuria (n = 780)

      

0.493

 Microproteinuria

459 (58.8 %)

6 (54.5 %)

88 (59.5 %)

163 (64.2 %)

138 (54.3 %)

40 (59.7 %)

 

 Macroproteinuria

293 (37.6 %)

5 (45.5 %)

56 (37.8 %)

83 (32.7 %)

104 (40.9 %)

23 (34.3 %)

 

Obesity measures

       

 WC (n = 594)

101.6 ± 16.1

69.4 ± 6.9

86.1 ± 8.2

98.5 ± 8.2

111.2 ± 10.3

130.6 ± 12.6

<0.001

 ConI (n = 588)

1.33 ± 0.10

1.21 ± 0.11

1.28 ± 0.09

1.33 ± 0.09

1.36 ± 0.09

1.39 ± 0.09

<0.001

  1. Results expressed as mean ± SD or number (percentage). The number of patients with data available follows the measured variable, if total population data not available
  2. CKD chronic kidney disease, BMI body mass index, CAD coronary artery disease, CLD chronic lung disease, CBVD cerebrovascular disease, PVD peripheral vascular disease, ACEi angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, EPO erythropoietin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, WC waist circumference, ConI conicity index
  3. *Differences between BMI categories were assessed by chi-squared test or ANOVA, depending on the data type