Fig. 5

Gross anatomy and histopathological analysis of ureters from Robo2 ^PB/PB mice with UPJO and UVJO. a VUR testing of a hydronephrotic Robo2 ^PB/PB mouse indicated contralateral VUR. b VUR testing then indicated ipsilateral VUR. Dilation of the pelvis is shown. Compared to contralateral normal UPJ (no angle), sharp narrowing (acute angle) were found at the UPJ (arrowhead). c A proximal ureter section depicted ureter dilation and smooth muscle distortion. d Separated muscle cells with intracytoplasmic vacuoles (arrows) and excessive collagen (arrowheads) were visualized using electron microscopy. e–f Histopathological analysis of a kidney with ureter from a control mouse. g Histological analysis confirmed the dilation of the distal left ureter in the mutant and showed a thin layer of smooth muscle. h Both UVJs connected to a caudal site in the bladder close to the urethra, causing dilated ureters. h A Robo2 ^PB/PB; Hoxb7/myr-Venus newborn mouse showing a dilated left ureter and dysplastic cyst in the left kidney. Kidneys and ureters were visualized using the Hoxb7/myr-Venus transgene. i The left UVJ connected to a caudal site in the bladder close to the urethra, causing a dilated ureter. j Higher magnification of abnormal left UVJ in panel i. Magnifications: (c and e) 100; (d and f) 1,500; (g) 200. Red asterisks in d and f indicate the mucosa of the ureter. White asterisks in i indicates dysplastic cyst