Table 6 Selected baseline questionnaire data from subjects enrolled in the cohort (Phases I and II)
From: The Rivas Cohort Study: design and baseline characteristics of a Nicaraguan cohort
Variable | Male (N = 537) | Female (N = 702) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Households with 1+ mobile phones | 368 (68.5 %) | 493 (70.2 %) | ||
Water source | ||||
Well | 272 (50.8 %) | 311 (44.4 %) | ||
Piping | 236 (44.0 %) | 337 (48.1 %) | ||
River | 1 (0.2 %) | 1 (0.1 %) | ||
Spring | 0 | 1 (0.1 %) | ||
Bottled | 26 (4.9 %) | 48 (6.9 %) | ||
Other | 16 (3.0 %) | 16 (2.3 %) | ||
Drinking water treatment | ||||
No treatment | 303 (56.5 %) | 427 (61.0 %) | ||
Chlorine | 182 (34.0 %) | 196 (28.0 %) | ||
Filter | 35 (6.5 %) | 44 (6.3 %) | ||
Alcohol | ||||
Reports any alcohol intake (beer +/− rum) | 186 (35.4 %) | 27 (3.9 %) | ||
Reported rum intake positive | 119 (22.7 %) | 9 (1.3 %) | ||
Reported beer intake positive | 157 (29.9 %) | 25 (3.6 %) | ||
Work History | ||||
Reported current work in agriculture | 219 (41.2 %) | 20 (3.0 %) | ||
Reported ever working in agriculture | 361 (67.5 %) | 172 (25.4 %) | ||
Number of years in agriculture | 21.0 | 17.2 | ||
Reported work in fishing | 11 (2.1 %) | 0 | ||
Reported work in business | 16 (3.0 %) | 25 (3.7 %) | ||
Reported working in ranching | 18 (3.4 %) | 1 (0.2 %) | ||
Reported work in service | 23 (4.3 %) | 44 (6.5 %) | ||
Reported work in other | 202 (38.0 %) | 421 (62.0 %) | ||
Reported manual work | 374 (70.3 %) | 125 (18.4 %) | ||
Number of hours/day working | 7.9 | 8.0 | ||
Reported self-employed | 222 (41.7 %) | 98 (14.4 %) | ||
Reported work applying fertilizer, herbicides, insecticides, or poison | 216 (40.6 %) | 15 (2.2 %) | ||
Reported work mixing poisons or herbicides | 233 (43.6 %) | 17 (2.5 %) | ||
Age at first job | 18.9 | 14.4 | ||
Reported ever working in sugarcane | 168 (31.4 %) | 28 (4.1 %) | ||
Medical History | ||||
HTN | 108 (20.2 %) | 228 (32.5 %) | ||
Diabetes | 31 (5.8 %) | 51 (7.3 %) | ||
Kidney stones | 30 (5.6 %) | 30 (4.3 %) | ||
1st degree relative with HTN | 286 (53.4 %) | 385 (54.8 %) | ||
1st degree relative with Kidney stones | 145 (27.1 %) | 214 (30.5 %) | ||
Reported use of pain meds for 3+ days in past 3 months | 219 (40.8 %) | 385 (54.8 %) | ||
Reported use of antibiotics in past 3 months | 167 (31.1 %) | 332 (47.3 %) | ||
Reported lower body, flank, or back pain in past 3 months | 340 (63.3 %) | 577 (82.2 %) | ||
Reported dysuria in past 3 months | 212 (39.5 %) | 371 (52.9 %) | ||
Reported fever in past 3 months | 155 (28.9 %) | 247 (35.2 %) | ||
Reported weakness/fatigue in past 3 months | 255 (47.5 %) | 455 (64.8 %) | ||
Current smoker | 121 (25.6 %) | 22 (3.6 %) | ||