|
Patient Characteristics
|
|
Age (yrs)b
|
75.7
|
76.1
|
75.5
|
75.2
|
75.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Female, %
|
50.1
|
52.2
|
50.7
|
48.0
|
46.1
|
<0.001
|
|
Race, %
| | | | | |
0.16
|
|
White
|
75.2
|
75.3
|
75.4
|
74.9
|
74.9
| |
|
African American
|
20.9
|
20.7
|
20.7
|
21.7
|
21.1
| |
|
Other
|
3.9
|
4.0
|
3.9
|
3.4
|
4.0
| |
|
Hispanic Ethnicity, %
|
9.0
|
9.2
|
9.6
|
8.7
|
8.3
|
0.002
|
|
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)b
|
26.0
|
25.8
|
25.9
|
26.4
|
26.3
|
<0.001
|
|
Geographic Characteristics
|
|
Hospital Densityc
|
20.0
|
20.0
|
21.3
|
20.6
|
18.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Physician Densityd
|
2.2
|
2.3
|
2.2
|
2.1
|
2.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Urban Residence
|
84.1
|
84.5
|
82.5
|
82.7
|
85.9
|
<0.001
|
|
Median Income < $30,000e
|
23.1
|
23.6
|
24.0
|
23.3
|
20.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Region, %
| | | | | |
<0.001
|
|
Northeast
|
14.5
|
14.4
|
14.2
|
14.4
|
15.1
| |
|
Midwest
|
25.7
|
28.6
|
24.5
|
23.8
|
21.4
| |
|
South
|
38.1
|
33.5
|
39.7
|
41.0
|
45.2
| |
|
West
|
20.3
|
22.2
|
20.0
|
19.1
|
17.1
| |
|
Predialysis Healthcare Use
|
|
Primary Care Visitsb
|
4.2
|
4.1
|
4.5
|
4.5
|
4.0
|
<0.001
|
|
Inpatient Daysb
|
12.8
|
14.8
|
14.5
|
9.9
|
7.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Inpatient Admissionsb
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.6
|
1.3
|
1.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Predialysis Comorbidities, %
|
|
Myocardial Infarction
|
10.8
|
13.3
|
10.7
|
8.0
|
6.8
|
<0.001
|
|
Congestive Heart Failure
|
57.6
|
62.1
|
59.7
|
53.0
|
47.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Cerebrovascular Disease
|
11.5
|
12.5
|
12.4
|
10.0
|
9.3
|
<0.001
|
|
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
|
25.9
|
29.0
|
26.3
|
22.6
|
20.1
|
<0.001
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
52.4
|
50.6
|
54.4
|
55.9
|
52.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Hypertension
|
92.8
|
88.7
|
95.2
|
96.9
|
97.5
|
<0.001
|
|
Peripheral vascular disease
|
22.0
|
23.0
|
23.7
|
21.3
|
18.2
|
<0.001
|
|
Veteran, %
|
12.8
|
10.1
|
14.0
|
16.1
|
15.6
|
<0.001
|
