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Table 2 Frequencies of risk factors for mortality outcome prior to end of study time (total of 62,987 individuals not on PPI and total of 36,282 individuals on PPI)

From: Proton pump inhibitors are associated with increased risk of development of chronic kidney disease

 

Not on PPI

On PPI

p_value

Total

Case (death)

Control

Total

Case (death)

Control

 

62987

6897

56090

36282

4861

31421

 

Vascular disease (n)

16806

3257

13549

8683

1982

6701

<0.0001

 

26.68 %

47.22 %

24.16 %

23.93 %

40.77 %

21.33 %

 

COPD (n)

6856

1696

5160

4298

1116

3182

<0.0001

 

10.88 %

24.59 %

9.20 %

11.85 %

22.96 %

10.13 %

 

Cancer (n)

9220

1954

7266

3749

1073

2676

<0.0001

 

14.64 %

28.33 %

12.95 %

10.33 %

22.07 %

9.52 %

 

Diabetes (n)

15526

2295

13231

8633

1642

6991

<0.0001

 

24.65 %

33.28 %

23.59 %

23.79 %

33.78 %

22.25 %

 

Hypertension (n)

42625

5756

36869

26503

4231

22272

<0.0001

 

67.67 %

83.46 %

65.73 %

73.05 %

87.04 %

70.88 %

 

GI (n)

9274

1263

8011

20141

2227

17914

<0.0001

 

14.72 %

18.31 %

14.28 %

55.51 %

45.81 %

57.01 %

 

Black (n)

5768

489

5279

3153

362

2791

0.0132

 

9.16 %

7.09 %

9.41 %

8.69 %

7.45 %

8.88 %

 

Female (n)

3582

122

3460

1855

109

1746

<0.0001

 

5.69 %

1.77 %

6.17 %

5.11 %

2.24 %

5.56 %

 

Age in years(mean)

59.9

72.87

58.34

61.7

70.28

60.37

<0.0001

(STD)

16.12

11.2

15.9

14.1

11.55

14

 

Time at risk (quarters) (mean)

14.13

11.13

14.5

17.3

14.5

17.72

<0.0001

(STD)

7.63

6.11

7.7

6.64

5.8

6.65

 
  1. Note: Given p-values are for PPI group differences. For categorical variables, the proportions of patients with the characteristics in two PPI groups were compared using Fisher exact test. We performed a simple t test analysis, with adjustment for unequal variances when appropriate, to compare the means of continuous variables