Study | Kidney disease | No. of patients included | Intervention group | Control group | Co-intervention | Study duration | Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73Â m2) | Endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abolghasmi 2011 [24] | CKD with resistant hypertension | 41 | Spironolactone 25–50 mg | Placebo | multi-drug regime including ACE-I+/−ARB | 12 weeks | Not available | BP, potassium, creatinine, urinary sodium |
Ando 2014 [28] | CKD with hypertension | 314 | Eplerenone 50 mg | Placebo | ACE-I+/−ARB of at least 8 weeks duration | 1 year | Treatment 67.7 ± 14.3 Control 68.6 ± 13.6 | UACR, creatinine, eGFR, urinary L-FABP, 24 h urinary sodium, incidence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events |
Bianchi 2006 [36] | Non-diabetic CKD (idiopathic GN) | 165 | Spironolactone 25 mg | ACE-I+/−ARB | ACE-I+/−ARB | 1 year | Treatment 62.4 ± 21.9 Control 62.2 ± 19.0 | 24 h urinary protein, BP, creatinine, eGFR potassium |
Boesby 2011 [29] (XO) | Non-diabetic CKD | 40 | Eplerenone 25–50 mg | multi-drug regime including ACE-I+/−ARB | multi-drug regime including ACE-I+/−ARB | 8 weeks | 59 ± 26 | 24 h urinary albumin, BP, potassium, creatinine clearance |
Boesby 2013 [30] | Diabetic and non-diabetic CKD | 26 | Eplerenone 25–50 mg | ACE-I+/−ARB | ACE-I+/−ARB | 24 weeks | 36 ± 10 | cfPWV, AIx, AASI, 24 h urinary albumin |
Chrysostomou 2006a [37] | Diabetic and non-diabetic CKD | 41 | Spironolactone 25 mg | Placebo as ARB; Placebo as Spironolactone | ACE-I alone; ACE-I + ARB | 3 months | Not available | 24 h urinary protein, BP, creatinine, creatinine clearance, potassium |
Edwards 2009 [23] | Non-diabetic CKD with no renovascular diagnosis | 112 | Spironolactone 25 mg | Placebo | ACE-I/ARB | 36 weeks | Treatment 49 ± 12 Control 53 ± 11 | LVMI, cfPWV, aortic distensibility, AIx, BP |
Epstein 2006+ [38] | Diabetic nephropathy | 359 | Eplerenone 50 mg or 100 mg | Placebo | ACE-I | 12 weeks | ACE ± EPL 50 73 (62.1–83.6) ACE ± EPL 100 75 (62.8–85.9) Control 74 (60.5–82.2) | UACR, potassium, BP, eGFR |
Guney 2009 [25] | Non-diabetic CKD | 24 | Spironolactone 25 mg | ACE-I+/−ARB | ACE-I+/−ARB | 6 months | Treatment 63.0 ± 22.71 Control 56.3 ± 35.6 | UPCR, urinary TGF-β1, eGFR, creatinine, potassium, BP, aldosterone |
Mehdi 2009 [22] | Diabetic nephropathy | 81 | Spironolactone 25Â mg | Placebo or ARB | ACE-I | 48Â weeks | Not available | UACR, BP, creatinine clearance, potassium |
Nielsen 2012 [26] (XO) | Diabetes with microalbuminuria | 21 | Spironolactone 25Â mg | Placebo | ACE-I/ARB | 60Â days | Not available | 24Â h urinary albumin, BP, GFR, urinary L-FABP, urinary NGAL, urinary KIM-1 |
Rossing 2005 [39] (XO) | Diabetic nephropathy | 20 | Spironolactone 25 mg | Placebo | ACE-I+/−ARB | 8 weeks | Not available | 24 h urinary albumin, BP, GFR |
Saklayen 2008 [43] (XO) | Diabetic nephropathy | 24 | Spironolactone 25–50 mg | Placebo | ACE-I/ARB | 3 months | Treatment 61.9 ± 23.4 Control 54.4 ± 20.1 | BP, creatinine, potassium, UPCR |
Schjoedt 2005 [40] (XO) | Diabetic nephropathy | 20 | Spironolactone 25 mg | Placebo | ACE-I+/−ARB | 2 months | Not available | 24 h urinary albumin, BP, GFR |
Tylicki 2008 [41] (XO) | Non-diabetic CKD | 18 | Spironolactone 25 mg | ACE-I + ARB | ACE-I + ARB | 8 weeks | 107.8 (93–140.9) | 24 h urinary protein, BP, creatinine, potassium, PRA, urinary NAG, urinary PIIINP |
Tylicki 2012 [31] (XO) | Non-diabetic CKD | 18 | Eplerenone 50 mg | ARB + Aliskiren | ARB | 8 weeks | Not available | UACR, BP, creatinine clearance, potassium |
van den Meiracker 2006 [42] | Diabetic nephropathy | 53 | Spironolactone 25–50 mg | Placebo | ACE-I/ARB | 1 year | Treatment 93.1 ± 45 Control 66.3 ± 35.1 | 24 h urinary protein, BP, creatinine, eGFR, potassium |
Wang 2013 [34] | Diabetic and non-diabetic CKD | 208 | Spironolactone 20 mg | multi-drug regime including ACE-I+/−ARB | multi-drug regime including ACE-I+/−ARB | 16 weeks | Treatment 65.8 ± 22.2 Control 66.5 ± 24.3 | 24 h urinary protein, creatinine, potassium, eGFR, BP, aldosterone |
Ziaee 2013 [27] | Diabetes with microalbuminuria | 60 | Spironolactone 25 mg | ACE-I | ACE-I | 12 weeks | Treatment 79.8 ± 18 Control 82.5 ± 19.1 | UACR, BP, potassium, eGFR |