Table 6 Characteristics and outcomes of patients with hospital-acquired hyponatraemia versus community-acquired severe hyponatraemia
All patients (n = 147) | Hospital-acquired severe hyponatraemia (n = 52) | Community-acquired severe hyponatraemia (n = 95) | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasma sodium (mmol/l) | ||||
- on admission - lowest - at discharge - at discharge in survivors - Highest – lowest - Normalisation (%) | 121.5 ± 10.4 114.9 ± 4.7 132.2 ± 7.9 132.9 ± 5.9 20.8 ± 8.6 84 (57.1) | 133.1 ± 5.7 116.4 ± 3.9 130.3 ± 8.8 133.2 ± 6.9 20.0 ± 6.9 25 (48.1) | 115.2 ± 6.0 114.1 ± 4.9 133.2 ± 7.2 132.7 ± 5.6 21.3 ± 9.4 59 (70.2) | <.001 <.001 .07 .84 .39 .12 |
Severe neurologic symptoms (%) | 13 (8.8) | 4 (7.7) | 9 (9.5) | .99 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 3.8 ± 3.0 | 4.92 ± 3.4 | 3,3 ± 2,6 | .005 |
Potential causes of hyponatraemia | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | <.001 |
Diagnosis | ||||
Unknown (%) | 69 (46.9) | 30 (57,7) | 39 (41.1) | .06 |
Potomania (%) | 8 (5.4) | 1 (1,9) | 7 (7,4) | .26 |
Heart failure (%) | 13 (8.8) | 4 (7,7) | 9 (9,5) | .99 |
Cirrhosis (%) | 4 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.2) | .30 |
Diuretics (%) | 6 (4.1) | 1 (1,9) | 5 (5,3) | .42 |
Hypotonic fluids (%) | 3 (2.0) | 3 (5,8) | 0 (0) | .04 |
Dehydration (%) | 22 (15.0) | 7 (13,5) | 15 (15,8) | .81 |
CSWS (%) | 2 (1.4) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.1) | .99 |
SIADH (%) | 28 (19.1) | 6 (11,5) | 22 (23,2) | .12 |
Hypothyroidism (%) | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.2) | .55 |
Adrenal insufficiency (%) | 4 (2.7) | 3 (5.8) | 1 (1.1) | .13 |
Number of diagnoses reported per patient | 0.65 ± 0.7 | 0.52 ± 0.75 | 0.72 ± 0.69 | .05 |
Urine analysis (%) | 109 (74.2) | 39 (75.0) | 70 (73.7) | .99 |
- Sodium (%) - Osmolality (%) - Urea (%) - Uric Acid (%) | 109 (74.2) 38 (25.9) 102 (69.4) 17 (11.6) | 39 (75.0) 12 (23.1) 37 (71.2) 5 (9.6) | 70 (73.7) 26 (27.4) 65 (68.4) 12 (12.6) | .99 .69 .85 .79 |
Death during hospitalisation (%) | 36 (24.5) | 21 (40.4) | 15 (15.8) | .001 |
Death during follow-up (n = 139) (%) | 74 (50.3) | 35 (70.0) | 38 (42.7) | .003 |