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Table 1 Demographic, clinical, laboratory characteristics and use of oral anti-diabetic medications of patients randomized to oral sodium bicarbonate (Treated) or conventional therapy (controls) at study inception

From: Correction of metabolic acidosis improves insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease

 

Overall

Treated

Control

p-value

 

(N = 145)

(N = 71)

(N = 74)

 

Males, N (%)

83 (57 %)

47 (66 %)

36 (48 %)

NS

Age, years

65.5 ± 11.4

64.9 ± 11.8

66.0 ± 12.9

NS

Body Weight, kg

75.5 ± 14.1

76.5 ± 14.6

73.4 ± 11.2

NS

Cardiovascular disease, N(%)

36 (25)

17 (24)

19 (26)

NS

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

122 ± 20

124 ± 19

120 ± 22

NS

Disatolic blood pressure, mmHg

73 ± 9

73 ± 8

73 ± 10

NS

Serum Bicarbonate, mEql/l

21.4 ± 1.9

21.2 ± 1.9

21.6 ± 2.0

NS

Serum Gucose, mg/dl

150 ± 44

149 ± 41

151 ± 47

NS

HbA1C %

6.76 ± 1.2

6.74 ± 1.0

6.8 ± 1.4

NS

Serum creatinine,mg/dl

2.1 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 0.8

2.0 ± 0.7

NS

BUN, mg/dl

87 ± 32

93 ± 35

81 ± 28

NS

Creatinine clearance, ml/min

33 ± 14

32 ± 14

35 ± 15

NS

Uric Acid, mg/dl

5.4 ± 1.8

5.6 ± 1.9

5.1 ± 1.8

NS

Serum sodium, mEql/l

139 ± 3

139 ± 3

139 ± 2

NS

Serum potassium, mEq/l

4.82 ± 0.7

4.85 ± 0.6

4.79 ± 0.7

NS

Total serum calcium, mg/dl

9.13 ± 0.6

9.14 ± 0.62

9.12 ± 0.58

NS

Serum phosphate, mg/dl

3.7 ± 0.7

3.8 ± 0.7

3.7 ± 0.7

NS

Serum albumin, g/dl

3.86 ± 0.42

3.85 ± 0.39

3.89 ± 0.46

NS

Hemoglobin, g/dl

12.3 ± 1.7

12.26 ± 1.82

12.39 ± 1.68

NS

C-Reactive Protein, mg/l

11.20 ± 28.1

11.08 ± 34.37

11.34 ± 18.53

NS

Serum PTH, pg/ml

122 ± 83

119 ± 34

124 ± 88

NS

Serum total cholesterol, mg/dl

154 ± 34

158 ± 34

151 ± 33

NS

Serum LDL cholesterol, mg/dl

91 ± 32

93 ± 31

87 ± 32

NS

Serum HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

45 ± 14

45 ± 12

45 ± 16

NS

Serum triglicerides, mg/dl

134 ± 58

130 ± 56

138 ± 60

NS

vitamin D (25-OH.D), ng/ml

39 ± 11

39 ± 10

38 ± 10

NS

Homa-IR

7.17 ± 2.4

7.13 ± 2.5

7.20 ± 2.36

NS

HOMA % B

49 ± 21

50 ± 22

48 ± 21

NS

Serum insulin, mcIU

18.3 ± 6.6

17.6 ± 6.1

19.0 ± 7.0

NS

Antidiabetic medications

 Biguanides, number (%)

98 (67.5)

52 (73.2)

46 (62.2)

NS

  dose, mg/day

1740 ± 417

1760 ± 611

1725 ± 670

NS

 Solfonylureas, number (%)

46 (31.7)

17 (23.9)

29 (39.2)

NS

  dose, mg/day

5.25 ± 1.19

5.29 ± 1.38

5.23 ± 1.14

NS

 Meglitinides, number (%)

41 (28.3)

21 (29.6)

20 (27)

NS

  dose, mg/day

3.13 ± 1.35

3.52 ± 0.91

2.76 ± 1.59

NS

 Use of > 1 medication, number (%)

37 (25.5)

20 (28.1)

17 (23)

NS

Antihypertensive DRUGS

 Furosemide, number (%)

131 (90.3)

62 (87.3)

69 (93.3)

NS

  dose, mg/day

55 ± 19

55 ± 21

55 ± 17

NS

 ARB inhibitors, number (%)

75 (51.7)

37 (23.9)

38 (39.2)

NS

 ACE-Inhibitors, number (%)

74 (51)

38 (52.1)

36 (48.6)

NS

  Beta-blocker (%)

24 (16.5)

14 (19.7)

10 (13.5)

NS

 Other antihypertensive drugs number (%)

42 (28.9)

20 (28.2)

22 (29.7)

NS

  Use of > 1 medication, number (%)

70 (48.3)

38 (53.5)

32 (43.2)

NS

  1. Continuous and dichotomous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or count (%), respectively