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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the population, on the basis of the first diet

From: Diet as a system: an observational study investigating a multi-choice system of moderately restricted low-protein diets

First diet

Vegan supplemented

With protein- free food

Other

All cases

p Among groups

n

215

159

75

449

 

Males (%)

144 (67.0%)

98 (61.6%)

34 (45.3%)

276 (61.5%)

0.004

Females (%)

71 (33.0%)

61 (38.4%)

41 (54.7%)

173 (38.5%)

Age: median (min-max)

65 (19–86)

76 (26–97)

71 (23–88)

70 (19–97)

<0.001

Age over 65 (%)

100 (46.5%)

132 (83%)

42 (56%)

274 (61%)

<0.001

Age over 80 (%)

15 (7.0%)

44 (27.7%)

14 (18.7%)

73 (16.3%)

<0.001

Charlson: median (min-max)

6 (2–12)

8 (2–13)

6 (2–12)

7 (2–13)

<0.001

Charlson > =7 (%)

91 (42.3%)

118 (74.2%)

37 (49.3%)

246 (54.8%)

<0.001

Charlson > =10 (%)

17 (7.9%)

42 (26.4%)

12 (16.0%)

71 (15.8%)

<0.001

Diabetes (%)

59 (27.4%)

70 (44%)

20 (26.7%)

149 (33.2%)

0.001

Cardiopathy (%)

79 (36.7%)

100 (62.9%)

29 (38.7%)

208 (46.3%)

<0.001

Neoplasia (%)

41 (19.1%)

33 (20.8%)

23 (30.7%)

97 (21.6%)

0.104

sCreatinine (mg/dL) median (min-max)

3.05 (0.6–16)

2.65 (1.0–7)

2.49 (0.6–6.7)

2.8 (0.6–16)

<0.001

eGFR-EPI (mL/min) median (min-max)

18.9 (3–126)

20.5 (6.6–73)

22.5 (5.7–127)

20.0 (3–127)

0.014

GFR <15 mL/min at enrolment n (%)

80 (37.6%)

32 (20.1%)

13 (17.3%)

125 (28%)

<0.001

GFR <10 mL/min at enrolment n (%)

29 (13.6%)

10 (6.3%)

5 (6.7%)

44 (9.8%)

0.038

Proteinuria (g/day)

median (min-max)

1.2 (0.1–10)

0.3 (0.1–7)

0.9 (0.1–11)

0.8 (0.1–11)

<0.001

Proteinuria > = 1 g/day (%)

125 (58.7%)

41 (26.1%)

36 (48.0%)

202 (45.4%)

<0.001

Proteinuria > = 3 g/day (%)

50 (23.5%)

18 (11.5%)

14 (18.7%)

82 (18.4%)

0.013

Glomerulonephritis-systemic disease (%)

67 (31.2%)

12 (7.5%)

16 (21.3%)

95 (21.2%)

<0.001

Nephroangiosclerosis and/or diabetes (%)

100 (46.5%)

128 (80.5%)

37 (49.3%)

265 (59.0%)

<0.001

ADPKD (%)

13 (6.0%)

4 (2.5%)

7 (9.3%)

24 (5.3%)

0.079

  1. Charlson Charlson’s comorbidity index, E-GFR EPI GFR according to the CKD-EPI equation, ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease