Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

Age (years)

62.4 ± 7.9

62.3 ± 6.4

0.89

Female (%)

152 (73.1%)

170 (72.6%)

0.92

 Elementary school or lower (%)

205 (98.6)

217 (92.7)

0.09

BMI

25.0 ± 5.5

25.7 ± 7.9

0.32

Systolic BP (mmHg)

123.8 ± 16.9

125.9 ± 15.6

0.19

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

75.6 ± 2.8

76.7 ± 2.9

0.22

Smoking (%)

7 (3.4)

4 (1.7)

0.23

 DM (%)

108 (51.9)

129 (55.1)

0.50

 HT (%)

192 (92.3)

210 (89.7)

0.35

 History of IHD

11 (5.2)

11 (4.7)

0.44

 History of CVA

2 (0.9)

6 (2.5)

0.07

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.53 ± 0.08

1.55 ± 0.07

0.21

 eGFR (CKD-EPI, ml/min/1.73 m²)

41.8 ± 10.6

41.2 ± 10.3

0.32

 UPCR (mg/g)

457.3 ± 700.3

442.4 ± 752.5

0.84

 Hemoglobin (g/dl)

11.4 ± 2

11.6 ± 3.1

0.52

 HbA1C

7.9 ± 2.4

7.3 ± 1.4

0.02

 LDL (mg/dl)

113.9 ± 35.9

120.8 ± 38.5

0.06

 Potassium (mEq/L)

4.6 ± 0.6

4.1 ± 0.6

0.04

 Bicarbonate (mEq/L)

22.9 ± 3.7

25.4 ± 6.1

0.26

 24-h u Na (mg/day)

4,485 ± 80

3,241 ± 55

0.02

 24-h nPNA (g/kg/day)

1.08 ± 0.4

0.84 ± 0.2

0.01

 No. of antihypertensive medications

2.0

2.2

0.06

 ACEi/ARBs (%)

190 (91.3)

199 (85)

0.05

 Statin use (%)

156 (75.5)

167 (71.4)

0.33

 NSAID (%)

32 (15.4)

45 (19.2)

0.08

 Aspirin (%)

133 (63.9)

85 (36.3)

0.05