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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Urinary exosomal activating transcriptional factor 3 as the early diagnostic biomarker for sepsis-induced acute kidney injury

Characteristics

Healthy volunteers (n = 8)

Sepsis-AKI (n = 79)

Sepsis-non-AKI (n = 60)

p-value

Mean age, yr (SD)

43.1 (10.2)

63.3 (13.3)

51.5 (18.5)

<0.0001

Men (%)

3 (37.5)

52 (65.8)

28 (46.7)

0.04

Baseline Scr (mg/dL)

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.3

0.10

All-time point Scr (mg/dL)

    

 Median (P25-P75)

0.9 (0.8-1.0)

3.2 (1.7-4.3)

1.0 (0.8-1.3)

<0.0001

All-time point MDRD Scr-eGFR

    

  (mL/min/1.73 m2)

109.3

33.5

64.8

<0.0001

 Median (P25-P75)

(92.1-128.3)

(19.8-42.2)

(48.2-70.2)

 

APACHE II score (SD)

-

22 (1.9)

18 (6.4)

<0.0001

Principle comorbidities (%)

    

 Hypertension

-

26 (32.9)

22 (36.7)

0.77

 Cardiovascular disease

-

10 (12.7)

6 (10.0)

0.82

 COPD

-

7 (8.9)

1 (1.7)

0.15

 No known underlying disease

-

26 (32.9)

18 (30.0)

0.86

Causes of sepsis

    

 Pneumonia

-

36 (45.6)

22 (36.7)

0.38

 Urinary tract infection

-

28 (35.4)

17 (28.3)

0.48

 Intra-abdominal infection

-

7 (8.9)

12 (20.0)

0.10

 Soft tissue infection

-

0 (0)

7 (11.7)

0.006

 Tropical infection

-

8 (10.1)

2 (3.3)

0.23

Outcomes

    

 Severe sepsis (%)

-

43 (54.4)

18 (30.0)

0.007

 Intensive care unit admission (%)

-

31 (39.2)

13 (21.7)

0.04

 In-hospital length of stay, days (SD)

-

63 (15.6)

30 (11.9)

<0.0001

 Dialysis (%)

-

25 (31.6)

0 (0)

<0.0001

 Mortality (%)

-

9 (11.4)

4 (6.7)

0.52

AKI severity (%)

    

 AKIN 1

-

38 (48.1)

0

<0.0001

 AKIN 2

-

30 (38.0)

0

<0.0001

 AKIN 3

-

28 (35.4)

0

<0.0001

  1. AKI, acute kidney injury; AKIN, Acute Kidney Injury Network; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MDRD Scr-eGFR, GFR estimated from Scr using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; P25-P75, 25th percentile to 75th percentile; Scr, serum creatinine