Table 1 Areas of CKD self-management previously identified as requiring additional support [2]

1. Disease-specific knowledge

Information about what kidneys do, how they work, what happens in CKD, treatment options, ways to delay dialysis.

2. Managing medications

Understanding why medications are prescribed, possible side effects, what might happen if not taken, how to take them as prescribed.

3. Engaging and sustaining social support

Engaging with friends and family to get CKD support, becoming involved with community groups including support groups.

4. Maintaining social and occupational roles

Continuing to work, sustaining hobbies, maintaining relationships and home roles.

5. Modifying lifestyle

Adhering to fluid and dietary guidelines, engaging in appropriate physical activity.

6. Developing and sustaining a positive attitude and caring for mental and physical wellbeing

Avoiding anxiety and depression, staying positive, staying generally physically healthy.

7. Building and sustaining effective relationships with healthcare providers

Developing effective working relationships with doctors, nurses, clinic staff, allied health professionals, and any other members of and individual’s healthcare team.

8. Establishing routine and planning ahead

Getting into good self-management habits, putting effective strategies such as reminder systems in place.

9. Actively participating in healthcare

Learning to change self-management behaviour based upon results, working collaboratively with HCPs regarding CKD and its treatment.

10. Recognising and effectively responding to symptoms

Noticing signs and symptoms of CKD and knowing what to do when they occur, learning to avoid worsening CKD symptoms.