Table 2 Cohort characteristics

N

3065

13388

 Age (median, IQR)

74

(62–83)

69

(55–79)

1.20 (/10 years)

(1.17–1.23)

 Male sex

1372

(44.8)

5770

(43.1) ())

1.07

(0.99–1.16)

 Residential care

277

(9.0)

471

(3.5)

2.72

(2.34–3.18)

 Deprived (highest quintile)

298

(9.7)

1088

(8.1)

1.22

(1.06–1.39)

 Rural (settlement <3000)

735

(24.0)

3720

(27.8)

0.82

(0.75–0.90)

 No admissions past year^a

1896

(61.9)

10461

(78.1)

1.38 (/admission)

(1.34–1.43)

  1 admission past year

593

(19.3)

1872

(14.0)

  2 admissions past year

244

(8.0)

620

(4.6)

  3+ admissions past year

332

(10.8)

435

(3.2)

 Length of stay (median, IQR)

7

(2–16)

3

(1–9)

1.05 (/7 days)

(1.04–1.06)

  Emergency admission

2326

(75.9)

7760

(58.0)

2.28

(2.09–2.50)

  Medical ward admission

1889

(61.6)

6570

(49.1)

1.67

(1.54–1.81)

  Intensive care admission

98

(3.2)

366

(2.7)

1.18

(0.94–1.47)

 No AKI

2154

(70.3)

11676

(87.2)

(reference group)

 AKI stage 1

528

(17.2)

1190

(8.9)

2.41

(2.15–2.69)

 AKI stage 2

233

(7.6)

341

(2.5)

3.70

(3.12–4.40)

 AKI stage 3

150

(4.9)

181

(1.4)

4.49

(3.60–5.60)

 No prior AKI episodes^a

2526

(82.4)

12188

(91.0)

1.71 (/episode)

(1.58–1.85)

  1 prior AKI episode

414

(13.5)

1000

(7.5)

  2+ prior AKI episodes

125

(4.1)

200

(1.5)

Baseline eGFR (median, IQR)^a

63

(48–83)

66

(52–87)

0.94 (/10 ml/min/1.73 m²)

(0.93–0.96)

 Baseline eGFR 0–29

213

(6.9)

502

(3.7)

 Baseline eGFR 30–44

423

(13.8)

1461

(10.9)

 Baseline eGFR 45–59

713

(23.3)

3309

(24.7)

 Baseline eGFR ≥60

1716

(56.0)

8116

(60.6)

Discharge creatinine 20% > baseline

520

(17.0)

1167

(8.7)

2.14

(1.91–2.39)

 Cancer

410

(13.4)

973

(7.3)

1.97

(1.74–2.23)

 Cardiac failure

317

(10.3)

592

(4.4)

2.49

(2.16–2.88)

 Cerebrovascular disease

231

(7.5)

580

(4.3)

1.80

(1.54–2.11)

 Dementia

96

(3.1)

163

(1.2)

2.62

(2.03–3.39)

 Diabetes

336

(11.0)

776

(5.8)

2.00

(1.75–2.29)

 Hemiplegia

28

(0.9)

71

(0.5)

1.73

(1.11–2.68)

 Liver disease

59

(1.9)

156

(1.2)

1.66

(1.23–2.25)

 Myocardial infarction

257

(8.4)

638

(4.8)

1.83

(1.57–2.13)

 Peptic ulcer disease

81

(2.6)

278

(2.1)

1.28

(1.00–1.64)

 Peripheral vascular disease

162

(5.3)

452

(3.4)

1.60

(1.33–1.92)

 Pulmonary disease

346

(11.3)

704

(5.3)

2.29

(2.00–2.62)

 Rheumatic disease

82

(2.7)

289

(2.2)

1.25

(0.97–1.60)