From: Interaction between acyl-ghrelin and BMI predicts clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients
 | Low BMI (n = 131) | High BMI (n = 130) |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low AG (n = 51) | High AG (n = 80) | Low AG (n = 78) | High AG (n = 52) | MANOVAb | |
Clinical characteristics | |||||
 Age (years) | 70.4 ± 14.8 | 67.9 ± 16.5 | 67.5 ± 10.9 | 69.8 ± 11.5 | NS |
 Gender (men/women)c | 80.4/19.6 | 60.3/39.7 | 57.5/42.5 | 50.0/50.0 | B, B x AG |
 Log vintage (months) | 1.26 ± 0.41 | 1.36 ± 0.40 | 1.19 ± 0.31 | 1.32 ± 0.35 | NS |
 DM (yes)c | 54.9 | 43.6 | 80.0 | 53.8 | B, B x AG |
 Log comorbidity index | 0.56 ± 0.33 | 0.55 ± 0.34 | 0.54 ± 0.34 | 0.47 ± 0.34 | NS |
 Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 142.0 ± 21.2 | 135.4 ± 27.8 | 140.6 ± 26.8 | 167.5 ± 87.2 | NS |
 Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 65.0 ± 13.8 | 65.9 ± 13.8 | 66.5 ± 13.6 | 66.6 ± 12.9 | NS |
 Kt/V | 1.30 ± 0.25 | 1.44 ± 0.30 | 1.24 ± 0.31 | 1.32 ± 0.32 | B, AG |
 Smoking (yes)c | 19.6 | 20.5 | 6.3 | 9.6 | B |
 Log handgrip strength (kg) | 1.23 ± 0.31 | 1.21 ± 0.41 | 1.24 ± 0.35 | 1.20 ± 0.30 | NS |
 Appetite (diminished)c | 43.1 | 49.4 | 37.5 | 48.1 | NS |
Dietary intake | |||||
 DEI (kcal/kg/d) | 23.9 ± 6.7 | 22.7 ± 6.0 | 24.2 ± 6.9 | 23.1 ± 4.9 | NS |
 DPI (g/kg/d) | 1.05 ± 0.31 | 1.02 ± 0.34 | 1.12 ± 0.32 | 1.11 ± 0.27 | NS |
 nPNA (g/kg/d) | 0.99 ± 0.27 | 1.03 ± 0.26 | 1.02 ± 0.22 | 1.07 ± 0.24 | NS |
Blood analysis | |||||
 Albumin (g/L) | 37.9 ± 3.2 | 36.7 ± 4.4 | 38.1 ± 2.9 | 38.6 ± 3.5 | B |
 Transferrin (mg/dl) | 164.2 ± 26.4 | 169.5 ± 41.9 | 171.6 ± 25.7 | 168.7 ± 26.0 | NS |
 Creatinine (mg/dl) | 7.07 ± 2.0 | 6. 93 ± 2.02 | 7.39 ± 2.40 | 8.20 ± 2.02 | B |
 Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 148.0 ± 37.5 | 142.5 ± 31.0 | 143.5 ± 36.0 | 157.4 ± 39.1 | B x AG |
 Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 135.5 (93.0–167.0) | 103.0 (82.0–140.3) | 151.0 (107.5–238.0) | 151.5 (113.5-194.8) | B, AG |
 Uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.27 ± 0.86 | 5.52 ± 1.02 | 6.00 ± 1.20 | 6.23 ± 1.31 | B |
 Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.3 ± 1.2 | 10.9 ± 1.4 | 11.1 ± 1.1 | 10.8 ± 1.1 | NS |
 Log TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1.35 ± 0.42 | 1.35 ± 0.41 | 1.38 ± 0.39 | 1.35 ± 0.32 | NS |
 Log CRP (mg/L) | 0.76 ± 0.39 | 0.71 ± 0.47 | 0.80 ± 0.53 | 0.72 ± 0.59 | NS |
 Log IL-6 (pg/ml) | 0.97 ± 0.45 | 0.95 ± 0.53 | 1.01 ± 0.31 | 0.92 ± 0.37 | NS |
Anthropometric measurements | |||||
 TSF (mm) | 12.6 ± 4.4 | 12.3 ± 4.3 | 18.7 ± 6.6 | 18.5 ± 6.1 | B |
 MAC (cm) | 25.5 ± 2.9 | 25.4 ± 3.0 | 30.6 ± 3.4 | 30.4 ± 3.6 | B |
 MAMC (cm) | 21.6 ± 2.5 | 21.7 ± 2.7 | 24.6 ± 2.9 | 24.4 ± 4.2 | B |
 WC (cm) | 94.1 ± 8.9 | 93.1 ± 11.7 | 115.7 ± 12.0 | 113.0 ± 10.5 | B |
 W/H | 0.99 ± 0.07 | 0.97 ± 0.10 | 1.05 ± 0.08 | 1.04 ± 0.08 | B |
Bioimpedance analysis | |||||
 ECW/TBW | 0.37 ± 0.04 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.05 | 0.40 ± 0.05 | B |
 FM (kg) | 17.2 ± 5.3 | 16.7 ± 6.9 | 33. 8 ± 11.5 | 31.2 ± 8.3 | B |
 LBM (kg) | 45.7 ± 7.8 | 45.2 ± 9.1 | 54.1 ± 10.8 | 51.0 ± 9.8 | B |
 Phase angle ( o ) | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | B |
Nutritional scores | |||||
 MIS | 7.28 ± 3.06 | 7.88 ± 3.99 | 5.21 ± 2.91 | 5.53 ± 2.95 | B |
 GNRI | 100.8 ± 7.4 | 98.6 ± 9.1 | 117.9 ± 9.0 | 115.2 ± 9.1 | B, AG |