Table 1 Baseline data in all patients in the study population, in patients with no kidney disease (NKD), and in patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Variables are compared between NKD and AKI
Demographic Variable | All patients N = 892 | No Kidney Disease (NKD) N = 704 | Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) N = 153 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (median; IQR) | 37 (30–52) | 36 (28–50) | 41 (32–58) | 0 · 0008 |
Male sex | 500 (56 · 1%) | 388 (55 · 1%) | 92 (60 · 1%) | 0 · 257 |
Medical History | ||||
HIV | 391 (43 · 8%) | 281 (39 · 9%) | 90 (58 · 8%) | <0 · 0001 |
HTN | 109 (12 · 2%) | 78 (11 · 1%) | 24 (15 · 7%) | 0 · 112 |
CVDa | 52 (5 · 8%) | 39 (5 · 6%) | 12 (7 · 8%) | 0 · 277 |
TB | 43 (4 · 8%) | 28 (4 · 0%) | 15 (9 · 8%) | 0 · 003 |
DM | 34 (3 · 8%) | 20 (2 · 9%) | 10 (6 · 5%) | 0 · 025 |
Liver Disease | 8 (0 · 9%) | 5 (0 · 7%) | 3 (2 · 0%) | 0 · 145 |
Malignancy | 7 (0 · 8%) | 3 (0 · 4%) | 3 (2 · 0%) | 0 · 48 |
Known CKD | 5 (0 · 6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1 · 3%) | 0 · 027 |
Medications | ||||
NSAID | 339 (38 · 1%) | 259 (37 · 0%) | 66 (43 · 1%) | 0 · 153 |
TDF ART | 311 (34 · 9%) | 234 (33 · 2%) | 66 (43 · 1%) | 0 · 02 |
Diuretic | 144 (16 · 2%) | 109 (15 · 5%) | 26 (17 · 0%) | 0 · 652 |
ACEi or ARB | 31 (3 · 5%) | 19 (2 · 7%) | 6 (3 · 9%) | 0 · 419 |
Non TDF ART | 13 (1 · 5%) | 3 (0 · 4%) | 6 (3 · 9%) | 0 · 001 |
Admission Diagnosis | ||||
LRTI | 215 (24 · 1%) | 196 (27 · 8%) | 16 (10 · 4%) | <0 · 0001 |
Sepsisb unclear source | 104 (11 · 6%) | 81 (11 · 5%) | 21 (13 · 7%) | 0 · 442 |
GE | 79 (8 · 9%) | 46 (6 · 5%) | 30 (19 · 6%) | <0 · 0001 |
Meningitis | 66 (7 · 4%) | 61 (8 · 7%) | 5 (3 · 3%) | 0 · 023 |
Stroke | 63 (7 · 1%) | 51 (7 · 2%) | 8 (5 · 2%) | 0 · 37 |
Heart Failure | 62 (7 · 0%) | 45 (6 · 4%) | 13 (8 · 5%) | 0 · 348 |
Symptomatic Anaemia | 60 (6 · 7%) | 45 (6 · 4%) | 11 (7 · 2%) | 0 · 718 |
TB | 43 (4 · 8%) | 28 (4 · 0%) | 15 (9 · 8%) | 0 · 003 |
Malaria | 33 (3 · 7%) | 21 (3 · 0%) | 9 (5 · 9%) | 0 · 077 |
Liver failure | 26 (2 · 9%) | 14 (2 · 0%) | 11 (7 · 2%) | 0 · 001 |
Disseminated malignancy | 17 (1 · 9%) | 14 (2 · 0%) | 3 (2 · 0%) | 0 · 982 |
Other | 124 (13 · 9%) | 102 (14 · 5%) | 11 (7 · 2%) | 0 · 45 |