Table 2 Bivariate associations between selected predictors and end-of-life care intensity measures among Taiwanese CKD decedents dying in hospitals, 2002–2012
Characteristics | Expenses (NT$a), Mean (SD) | p-valueb | Surgical Interventions, % | p-valuec | ICU Use, % | p-valuec | Mechanical Ventilation, % | p-valuec | Resuscitation, % | p-valuec | Dialysis, % | p-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 65,124) | (n = 65,124) | (n = 2072) | (n = 2072) | (n = 2072) | (n = 2072) | |||||||
 Overall | 332,422 (413,204) | - | 40.9% | - | 40.2% | - | 45.3% | - | 14.7% | - | 42.0% | - |
 Age at death | ||||||||||||
  60–70 | 346,843 (438,247) | <0.001 | 45.9% | <0.001 | 40.4% | 0.16 | 46.5% | 0.80 | 20.3% | <0.001 | 48.4% | <0.001 |
  70–80 | 340,080 (412,106) | 43.5% | 42.7% | 45.5% | 15.6% | 47.5% | ||||||
  80+ | 319,024 (401,455) | 36.3% | 38.1% | 44.6% | 11.7% | 35.2% | ||||||
 Sex | ||||||||||||
  Male | 328,808 (411,335) | 0.01 | 39.6% | <0.001 | 39.3% | 0.34 | 44.5% | 0.43 | 14.8% | 0.82 | 39.1% | 0.003 |
  Female | 336,754 (415,398) | 42.5% | 41.3% | 46.2% | 14.5% | 45.7% | ||||||
 Insurable monthly earnings | ||||||||||||
  Below average ($NT7,499) | 348,894 (426,698) | <0.001 | 41.2% | 0.08 | 39.7% | 0.48 | 47.1% | 0.02 | 15.4% | 0.18 | 42.9% | 0.25 |
  Average and above | 300,096 (383,307) | 40.5% | 41.3% | 41.6% | 13.2% | 40.3% | ||||||
 ESRD | ||||||||||||
  Yes | 369,902 (441,971) | <0.001 | 47.7% | <0.001 | 47.8% | <0.001 | 51.2% | <0.001 | 19.8% | <0.001 | 67.5% | <0.001 |
  No | 304,312 (387,875) | 35.9% | 36.3% | 40.6% | 10.6% | 22.0% | ||||||
 Primary Hospital- Accreditation | ||||||||||||
  Medical Centers | 418,779 (492,098) | <0.001 | 49.9% | <0.001 | 38.5% | 0.13 | 43.6% | 0.10 | 12.3% | 0.01 | 45.0% | 0.14 |
  Regional Hospitals | 294,439 (361,834) | 41.5% | 42.7% | 44.3% | 14.4% | 40.7% | ||||||
  Local Hospitals | 278,099 (353,787) | 26.7% | 38.0% | 49.6% | 18.7% | 40.1% | ||||||
 Primary Hospital | ||||||||||||
  Public | 388,234 (434,996) | 0.01 | 41.6% | 0.01 | 38.7% | 0.28 | 42.8% | 0.09 | 15.3% | 0.54 | 40.0% | 0.16 |
  Private | 329,489 (401,725) | 40.6% | 41.1% | 46.6% | 14.3% | 43.2% | ||||||
 Year of death | ||||||||||||
  2002 | 262,495 (329,490) | <0.001 | 40.7% | <0.001 | - |  | - |  | - |  | - |  |
  2003 | 300,027 (377,547) | 41.1% | - |  | - |  | - |  | - |  | ||
  2004 | 348,311 (437,586) | 42.8% | - |  | - |  | - |  | - |  | ||
  2005 | 344,680 (422,834) | 40.4% | 44.9% | 0.04 | 51.3% | 0.01 | 16.3% | 0.02 | 45.2% | 0.22 | ||
  2006 | 333,470 (413,808) | 40.8% | 40.9% | 45.5% | 18.2% | 35.6% | ||||||
  2007 | 352,703 (423,098) | 42.3% | 43.1% | 50.7% | 17.0% | 44.6% | ||||||
  2008 | 354,350 (439,043) | 42.2% | 45.5% | 49.3% | 16.6% | 44.5% | ||||||
  2009 | 353,732 (414,014) | 43.2% | 35.5% | 42.1% | 15.7% | 42.6% | ||||||
  2010 | 341,921 (423,078) | 40.0% | 38.9% | 40.2% | 13.8% | 43.9% | ||||||
  2011 | 334,486 (405,408) | 39.1% | 33.3% | 42.8% | 10.3% | 37.4% | ||||||
  2012 | 326,514 (430,010) | 37.2% | 37.6% | 38.4% | 8.6% | 42.0% | ||||||