Prevalence and risk factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) among maintenance hemodialysis patients

Table 1 Demographic, clinical and laboratorial variables of 605 maintenance hemodialysis patients from four outpatient dialysis units in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, stratified by HTLV-1 serology

Independent variables	HTLV (+) N = 15	HTLV (−) N = 590	POR (95% CI)	p
Demographic
Age, years	52.5 (46.9–71.0)	47.8 (37.7–59.0)	1.03 (1.00–1.07)	0.080
Female (vs. male)	8/15 (53.3)	224/590 (38.0)	1.87 (0.67–5.22)	0.234
Non-white (vs. white)	13/15 (86.7)	513/590 (86.9)	1.03 (0.23–4.63)	0.974
Poor or very poor (vs. classes A thru C)	10/15 (66.7)	265/580 (45.7)	2.38 (0.80–7.04)	0.118
Less than high school (vs. high school or greater)	12/15 (80.0)	359/589 (61.0)	2.56 (0.72–9.18)	0.148
Unmarried (vs. married)	11/15 (73.3)	261/588 (44.4)	3.45 (1.09–10.95)	0.036
Clinical
Dialysis by catheter (vs. AV fistula)	4/15 (26.7)	76/588 (12.9)	1.12 (0.31–4.02)	0.867
Time on MHD, months	20.4 (4.5–58.4)	47.8 (19.6–97.4)	0.99 (0.97–1.00)	0.064
EPO, IU (x10³)/week	12 (6–12)	10 (6–12)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.870
Diabetes mellitus (vs. no)	5/15 (33.3)	100/590 (16.9)	2.45 (0.82–7.32)	0.109
Systemic hypertension (vs. no)	13/15 (86.7)	533/590 (90.3)	0.70 (0.15–3.16)	0.638
Blood transfusion (vs. no)	4/15 (26.7)	55/582 (9.2)	3.48 (1.07–11.31)	0.038
Hepatitis B (vs. no)	1/15 (6.7)	11/589 (1.9)	3.75 (0.45–31.10)	0.220
Hepatitis C (vs. no)	1/15 (6.7)	18/590 (3.1)	2.27 (0.28–18.21)	0.440
Hepatitis B or C (vs. no)	2/15 (13.3)	28/589 (4.8)	3.08 (0.66–14.33)	0.151

Continuous data (Age, Time on MHD and EPO dose) are expressed as median (P25–P75%); categorical data are expressed as n/total (%); POR Prevalence Odds Ratio, EPO Erythropoietin, MHD maintenance hemodialysis. For continuous data, POR reflects the odds of a positive HTLV serology with each increase in one unit of the continuous variable (one year for Age, one month for Time on MHD, and 10³ IU/week for EPO); for categorical data, POR reflects the odds of a positive HTLV serology in the variable of interest compared to its complement. History of blood transfusion was limited to available data that reported transfusion only for the previous three months. P values in bold highlight the variables that were selected for the multivariable logistic regression model. Although a positive serology for Hepatitis B was associated with a p ≤ 0.25, it was not included in the multivariable model because we preferred to use the variable Hepatitis B or C

ISSN: 1471-2369