Table 1 Clinical characteristics and research indexes between the different studied groups

n

50

200

102

72

26

–

Age (years)

Sex (males/females)

58 ± 11

26/24

60 ± 10.3

109/91

61 ± 10

58/44

59 ± 9.8

39/33

60 ± 11

12/14

0.25

–

Duration of diabetes (years)

BMI (kg/m2)

–

25 ± 5

9 (4–13)

28 ± 2

8 (5–11)

23 ± 1.5

10 (6–13)

28 ± 1.6

10 (7–15)

32 ± 3.0

0.210

0.001

SBP (mm Hg)

127 ± 15

130 ± 16

132 ± 15

135 ± 16

138 ± 17

0.025

DBP (mm Hg)

75 ± 7

83 ± 6

81 ± 4

82 ± 5

84 ± 5

0.037

TC (mmol/L)

4.6 ± 1.0

5.7 ± 1.6

5.6 ± 1.8

5.7 ± 1.4

5.9 ± 1.5

0.825

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.4 ± 0.6

2.6 ± 1.5

2.1 ± 1.3

2.4 ± 1.5

2.6 ± 1.6

0.874

HDL-C (mmol/L)

LDL-C (mmol/L)

1.5 ± 0.5

3.1 ± 0.9

1.3 ± 0.5

2.5 ± 0.7

1.2 ± 0.4

2.6 ± 0.8

1.3 ± 0.4

2.3 ± 0.6

1.1 ± 0.4

2.6 ± 1.0

<0.001

0.058

IL-19 (pg/ml)

Cystatin C (mg/L)

13.2. ± 9.5

0.6 ± 0.2

40.5 ± 12.0

1.12 ± 0.7

35.8 ± 12.3

1.32 ± 0.5

49.4 ± 13.6

2.05 ± 1. 0

61.3 ± 18.2

3.87 ± 1.1

<0.001

0.03

UAE (mg/24 h)

Hs-CRP (mg/L)

7 ± 2

0.7 ± 0.3

140 ± 120

3.6 ± 1.5

18 ± 14

3.0 ± 0.9

180 ± 130

4.3 ± 1.2

510 ± 225

5.6 ± 1.0

0.001

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.4 ± 0.5

8.5 ± 1.8

8.3 ± 1.5

8.7 ± 2.0

8.6 ± 1.8

<0.001