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Table 2 Characteristics of studies included in stage I

From: Biomarkers for the detection of renal fibrosis and prediction of renal outcomes: a systematic review

Reference

Biomarker

Age (years)

Mean ± SD

Median (range)

Sex

(% Male)

Race

(% Caucasian)

Method used to obtain GFR

Baseline GFR

Mean ± SD

Median (range)

El Ghoul et al [14]

Urine PIIINP

46 ± 17

48%

88%

Four variable MDRD

48.9 (3.4 - 203.1)

Teppo et al [15]

Urine PIIINP

47 (22-68)

61%

NR

24-h creatinine clearance

56.2

Soylemezoglu et al [16]

Urine and blood PIIINP

51 ± 18

NR

NR

NR

NR

Honkanen et al [20]

Urine TGF- β

43a

65%

NR

51Cr-EDTA- clearance or 24-h creatinine clearance

NR

Susianti et al [21]

Urine TGF- β

30b

7%

NR

NR

NR

Murakami et al [22]

Urine TGF-β

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Zhang et al [24]

Urine MCP-1, Hepcidin, LFABP

30 (17-51)

11%

46%

NR

NR

Chang et al [25]

Blood PAI-1

51a

10%

NR

MDRD

31.5c

Sanders et al [26]

Urine MMP-2

Urine TIMP-1

67 (23-86)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Grenzi et al [18]

Blood CD30

35 (4.8–67.1)

56%

29%

Cockgraft-gault

NR

Amer et al [10]

Urine RBP

52 ± 13

55%

93%

Four variable MDRD

Iothalamate measurement

53.7 ± 14.9

57.5 ± 17.1

Barbosa de Deus

et al [11]

Urine RBP

33 ± 12

54%

53%

Creatinine clearance

73.2 (33-172)d

97.5 (45-175)

Pallet et al [12]

Urine RBP

53 ± 18

54%

53%

MDRD

47.4 ± 33.3

Zhu et al [13]

Blood VCAM-1

33 ± 11

47%

NR

NR

85.4 ± 30.3

Metalidis et al [17]

Urine CTGF

53 ± 13.2

61%

NR

MDRD

53.3 ± 17.4

Liu et al [19]

Urine MBL

35

57%

NR

Four variable MDRD

85.9

Lu et al [23]

Urine SGK-1

38b

52%

NR

MDRD

90.8 ± 43.2

  1. CTGF connective tissue growth factor, GFR glomerular filtration rate, LFABP liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, MBL mannose-binding lectin, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MMP-2 matrix metalloproteinase-2, NR not reported, PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, PIIINP amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen, RBP retinol- binding protein, SD standard deviation, SGK-1 serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase, TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, TGF- β transforming growth factor-beta, VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule
  2. aThis age was obtained by taking the average of the median ages
  3. bThis age was obtained by taking the average of the mean ages
  4. cThis GFR represents the average of the medians
  5. dThe top GFR represents patients with abnormal RBP and the bottom GFR represents patients with normal RBP