Table 4 Characteristics of Studies Included in stage II of the review

Chen et al [29]

Urine TGF-β

Single centered

64^a

62%

NR

99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal scintigraphy

6.7 ± 1.7 ml/min/m^{2 c}

11.9 ± 2.4 ml/min/m^{2 d}

Harris et al [30]

Blood TGF-β

Single centered

43^b

60%

85%

NA

2.5 mg/dl^e

2.1 mg/dl^f

Wong et al [31]

Blood total TGF-β

Blood active TGF-β

Multi-centered (25 international centers)

69 ± 7

69 ± 7 (HC)

70%

NR

CKD EPI

55.1 ± 19.8 ml/min/m² 70.7 ± 15.8 ml/min/m² (HC)

Hsu et al [27]

Blood MMP-2

Single centered

67^a

86%

NR

CKD-EPI

73.6 ± 15.3 ml/min/m²

Shi et al [28]

Urine MMP-2

Single centered

46^a

51 ± 10.2 (HC)

31%

NR

CKD-EPI

34.3 ml/min/m^2g

72.2 ± 10.6 ml/min/m² (HC)

Titan et al [32]

Urine MCP-1

Single centered

58 ± 10.2

63%

41%

24-h creatinine clearance

45.2 ± 22.7 ml/min/m²

Verhave et al [33]

Urine MCP-1

Multi-centered (4 different hospitals)

69 ± 10

80%

87%

4 variable MDRD

25.0 ± 9.0 ml/min/m²

Ogliari et al [34]

Blood MCP-1

Single centered

38 ± 7.2 (r)

28 ± 9 (d)

57%

NR

NA

7.9 ± 3.4 mg/dl (r)^h

0.9 ± 0.3 mg/dl (d)

Nadkarni et al [35]

Urine MCP-1

Multi-centered

Controls

61.9 ± 5.4

Cases

62.3 ± 5.6

Controls

51%

Cases

52%

Cases and controls

74%

CKD EPI

Controls

90.2 ml/min/m²

Cases

87.0 ml/min/m²