Table 1 Baseline characteristics of individuals according to plasma TGF-β quartiles

Age (years)

78 ± 5

78 ± 4

78 ± 5

78 ± 5

78 ± 5

0.22

Gender (male %)

40

38

41

43

38

0.27

Black race (%)

22

20

18

20

31

<0.01

Current smoker

9

11

6.0

9

11

0.01

Diabetes mellitus (%)

16

13

13

17

20

<0.01

Hypertension (%)

59

62

57

56

63

0.14

Prevalent CVD (%)

24

23

24

25

23

0.89

BMI (kg/m²)

27 ± 5

27 ± 5

27 ± 5

27 ± 5

27 ± 4

0.05

CRP (mg/L)^b

2.43

(1.12–5.41)

2.18

(1.07–4.84)

2.47

(1.13–4.97)

2.38

(1.09–5.06)

2.78

(1.28–7.43)

0.14

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

83 ± 87

81 ± 86

83 ± 87

87 ± 90

83 ± 88

0.68

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

138 ± 78

136 ± 73

139 ± 76

134 ± 78

143 ± 84

0.43

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

71 ± 20

75 ± 19

70 ± 20

70 ± 19

70 ± 20

<0.01

ACR (mg/g)^a

9.3

(5–20.2)

8.6

(4.9–16)

9.3

(5.4–20.5)

9.65

(4.9–20.55)

9.5

(4.8–22.35)

0.46

% with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m²

25

20

27

28

27

0.01

% with ACR ≥30 mg/g

18

15

19

18

21

0.23