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Table 3 Primary subgroup analyses of serum and urine level of cystatin C in patients with acute kidney injury

From: Accuracy of cystatin C in prediction of acute kidney injury in children; serum or urine levels: which one works better? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Characteristics

P for publication bias

Model

P for heterogeneity (I2)

SMD (95% CI)

P for effect size

a) Serum level

Timing of cystain C assessment

 Overall

0.44

REM

<0.001 (89.9%)

0.96 (0.68-1.24)

<0.001

 Baseline

0.37

REM

<0.001 (91.1%)

0.98 (0.39-1.57)

<0.001

 1-6 h

0.90

REM

<0.001 (91.2%)

0.72 (0.09-1.36)

<0.001

 7-12 h

>0.99

REM

<0.001 (01.1%)

1.29 (0.54-2.04)

<0.001

 13-24 h

0.66

REM

<0.001 (83.4%)

0.99 (0.55-1.43)

<0.001

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.62

Timing of AKI definition

 Within 24 h

0.07

REM

<0.001 (94.6%)

0.88 (-0.40-2.17)

0.18

 Within 48 h

0.60

REM

<0.001 (93.2%)

1.05 (0.62-1.15)

<0.001

 Within 72 h

0.57

REM

<0.001 (76.0%)

0.74 (0.28-1.10)

0.002

 More than 72 h

0.17

REM

<0.001 (86.2%)

1.58 (0.77-2.38)

<0.001

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.44

AKI definition

 Decrease in eCCl by at least 20% from baseline

0.06

REM

<0.001 (94.5%)

1.07 (0.29-1.84)

0.007

 50% increase or rise SCr of at least 0.3 mg/dL

0.58

REM

<0.001 (89.0%)

0.72 (0.37-1.08)

<0.001

 GFR < 80 mL/min/1.73 m2

0.36

REM

<0.001 (78.8%)

1.25 (0.83-1.67)

<0.001

 Doubling of SCr from baseline

0.34

FEM

0.61 (0.0%)

0.07 (-0.29-0.44)

0.69

 Other

0.30

REM

<0.001 (92.4%)

2.61 (0.24-5.45)

0.07

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.79

Setting

 PICU

0.69

REM

<0.001 (82.1%)

1.50 (1.02-1.99)

<0.001

 Cardiac surgery

0.60

REM

<0.001 (90.5%)

0.71 (0.41-1.02)

<0.001

 Other

0.03

REM

<0.001 (91.0%)

1.09 (-1.15-3.33)

0.34

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.02

Sample size

 ≤30

0.04

REM

<0.001 (78.0%)

1.90 (0.98-2.82)

<0.001

 >30

0.91

REM

<0.001 (92.3%)

0.80 (0.50-1.10)

<0.001

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.23

Storage degree

 -20

0.01

REM

<0.001 (90.0%)

0.82 (-0.19-1.83)

0.11

 -70

0.54

REM

<0.001 (91.7%)

1.06 (0.66-1.46)

<0.001

 -80

0.60

REM

<0.001 (90.3%)

0.97 (0.57-1.41)

<0.001

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.005

b) Urine level

Timing of cystain C assessment

 Overall

0.09

REM

0.04 (49.1%)

0.54 (0.34-0.75)

<0.001

 Baseline

0.07

REM

0.01 (63.3%)

0.70 (0.37-1.03)

<0.001

 1-12 h

0.03

FEM

0.93 (0.0%)

0.38 (0.19-0.58)

<0.001

 13-24 h

0.11

REM

>0.99 (0.0%)

0.55 (-0.61-1.67)

0.36

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.83

AKI definition

 Decrease in eCCl by at least 20% from baseline

0.32

FEM

0.82 (0.0%)

1.84 (0.78-2.89)

0.007

 50% increase or rise SCr of at least 0.3 mg/dL

0.27

FEM

0.06 (52.2%)

0.56 (0.31-0.82)

<0.001

 Doubling of SCr from baseline

0.32

REM

0.04 (49.1%)

0.38 (0.16-0.59)

0.69

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.11

Timing of AKI definition

 Within 24 h

0.74

FEM

0.99 (0.0%)

0.37 (0.23-0.51)

0.18

 Within 48 h

0.18

FEM

0.14 (41.7%)

1.04 (0.55-1.52)

<0.001

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.11

Setting

 PICU

0.74

FEM

0.23 (31.1%)

0.91 (0.44-0.74)

<0.001

 Cardiac surgery

0.38

FEM

0.99 (0.0%)

0.37 (0.23-0.51)

<0.001

 Other

0.04

FEM

0.12 (52.2%)

1.20 (0.18-2.23)

0.02

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.21

Sample size

 ≤30

0.10

FEM

0.20 (34.7%)

0.97 (0.24-1.69)

0.009

 >30

0.04

REM

0.05 (55.2%)

0.49 (0.30-0.69)

<0.001

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.34

Storage degree

 -20

0.32

REM

0.08 (68.4%)

0.98 (-0.06-2.02)

0.11

 -80

0.05

FEM

0.11 (40.7%)

0.48 (0.30-0.66)

<0.001

 

Overall Significant difference among subgroups

0.26

  1. AKI acute kidney injury, CI confidence interval, FEM fixed effect model, REM random effect model, SMD standardized mean difference, Bold values are significant. Significance among subgroups were calculated based on univariate meta-regression analysis
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BMC Nephrology

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