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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients included and excluded from analyses (2004–2011)

From: Risk factors for developing acute kidney injury in older people with diabetes and community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based UK cohort study

Characteristics

Patients included in analysis

Patients excluded from analysis

Total N = 3471

With AKI = 298

Total N = 644

With AKI = 48

Females

1558 (44.9)

113 (37.9)

384 (59.6)

25 (52.1)

Age (years)

65–69

414 (11.9)

31 (10.4)

53 (8.2)

3 (6.3)

70–74

587 (16.9)

39 (13.1)

66 (10.3)

4 (8.3)

75–79

725 (20.9)

60 (20.1)

100 (15.5)

6 (12.5)

80–84

810 (23.3)

72 (24.2)

141 (21.9)

14 (29.2)

≥85

935 (26.9)

96 (32.2)

284 (44.1)

21 (43.8)

IMDa

1 (least deprived)

575 (16.6)

48 (16.1)

102 (15.8)

6 (12.5)

2

808 (23.3)

72 (24.2)

166 (25.8)

17 (35.4)

3

742 (21.4)

63 (21.1)

141 (21.9)

11 (22.9)

4

756 (21.8)

67 (22.5)

124 (19.3)

7 (14.6)

5 (most deprived)

590 (17.0)

48 (16.1)

111 (17.2)

7 (14.6)

Smoking status

Non-smoker

851 (24.5)

64 (21.5)

275 (42.7)

20 (41.7)

Current smoker

634 (18.3)

53 (17.8)

94 (14.6)

6 (12.5)

Ex-smoker

1986 (57.2)

181 (60.7)

253 (39.3)

20 (41.7)

Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

22 (3.4)

2 (4.2)

Alcohol intake u/day

Non-drinker

517 (14.9)

45 (15.1)

83 (12.9)

10 (20.8)

Ex-drinker

530 (15.3)

53 (17.8)

38 (5.9)

4 (8.3)

Current ≤6 units/day

2281 (65.7)

192 (64.4)

199 (30.9)

7 (14.6)

Heavy >6 units/day

143 (4.1)

8 (2.7)

17 (2.6)

4 (8.3)

Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

307 (47.7)

23 (47.9)

BMI categories (kg/m2)

15–18.4

126 (3.6)

9 (3.0)

23 (3.6)

1 (2.1)

18.5–24.9

1177 (33.9)

97 (32.6)

110 (17.1)

8 (16.7)

25–29.9

1173 (33.8)

93 (31.2)

123 (19.1)

13 (27.1)

≥30

995 (28.7)

99 (33.2)

77 (12.0)

6 (12.5)

Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

311 (48.3)

20 (41.7)

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

≤29

280 (8.1)

54 (18.1)

46 (7.1)

8 (16.7)

30–59

1487 (42.8)

165 (55.4)

262 (40.7)

19 (39.6)

≥60

1704 (49.1)

79 (26.5)

288 (44.7)

19 (39.6)

Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

48 (7.5)

2 (4.2)

Proteinuria

 

1326 (38.2)

152 (51.0)

109 (16.9)

11 (22.9)

Hypertension

 

2450 (70.6)

236 (79.2)

368 (57.1)

31 (64.6)

Congestive cardiac failure

 

743 (21.4)

74 (24.8)

119 (18.5)

7 (14.6)

Ischaemic heart disease

 

1326 (38.2)

108 (36.2)

167 (25.9)

11 (22.9)

Cerebrovascular diseases

 

919 (26.5)

80 (26.9)

189 (29.4)

18 (37.5)

Dementia

 

239 (6.9)

23 (7.7)

107 (16.6)

7 (14.6)

Chronic lung disease

 

895 (25.8)

67 (22.5)

143 (22.2)

13 (27.1)

Cancer

 

638 (18.4)

46 (15.4)

112 (17.4)

6 (12.5)

Connective tissue diseases

 

329 (9.5)

19 (6.4)

58 (9.0)

4 (8.3)

ACEIs

 

1603 (46.2)

164 (55.0)

212 (32.9)

25 (52.1)

ARBs

 

579 (16.7)

70 (23.5)

45 (7.0)

3 (6.2)

Either ACEIs/ ARBs

 

2105 (60.7)

220 (73.8)

253 (39.3)

27 (56.2)

HBA1C

Good <7%

1887 (54.4)

163 (54.7)

278 (43.2)

20 (41.7)

Borderline 7–10%

1427 (41.1)

122 (40.9)

146 (22.7)

12 (25.0)

High >10%

157 (4.5)

13 (4.4)

25 (3.9)

4 (8.3)

Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

195 (30.3)

12 (25.0)

Medication-diabetes

None

859 (24.8)

64 (21.5)

270 (41.9)

18 (37.5)

Oral

1802 (51.9)

144 (48.3)

264 (41.0)

20 (41.7)

Insulin

142 (4.1)

22 (7.4)

43 (6.7)

4 (8.3)

Both

668 (19.3)

68 (22.8)

67 (10.4)

6 (12.5)

Study period

April 2004- Sep.2007

1325 (38.2)

57 (19.1)

331 (51.4)

12 (25.0)

Oct.2007-March 2011

2146 (61.8)

241 (80.9)

313 (48.6)

36 (75.0)

  1. (%) column percentages IMD index of multiple deprivation a8.9% records with missing individual index of multiple deprivation were substituted by values for general practice u units; BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACEIs angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers, HBA1C glycated-haemoglobin levels Sep. September Oct. October