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Table 6 Sensitivity analysis 2: Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury multivariable model with ICD10-N17 or N19 code for outcome (N = 3471 outcome = 373)

From: Risk factors for developing acute kidney injury in older people with diabetes and community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based UK cohort study

Characteristics

Model from primary analysisa

OR (95% CI)

P valueb (PT)

Sensitivity analysis

Odds Ratioa (95% confidence interval)

P valueb (PT)

Females

 

0.64 (0.49–0.83)

0.0008

0.63 (0.49–0.80)

0.0002

Age categories years

65–69

0.83 (0.52–1.35)

0.55

1.00 (0.65–1.54)

0.52

70–74

0.70 (0.46–1.09)

 

0.75 (0.50–1.11)

 

75–79

0.78 (0.54–1.13)

 

0.82 (0.58–1.15)

 

80–84

0.84 (0.59–1.18)

 

0.90 (0.66–1.23)

 

≥85

1

 

1

 

Smoking status

Non-smoker

1

0.25

1

0.32

Current smoker

1.39 (0.92–2.11)

 

1.32 (0.91–1.92)

 

Ex-smoker

1.26 (0.91–1.74)

 

1.19 (0.89–1.59)

 

Alcohol intake (units/day)

Non-drinker

1

0.43

1

0.18

Ex-drinker

1.00 (0.64–1.55)

 

1.17 (0.78–1.76)

 

Current ≤6 units/day

0.88 (0.61–1.26)

 

0.99 (0.71–1.39)

 

Heavy >6 units/day

0.55 (0.24–1.26)

 

0.54 (0.25–1.16)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

15–18.4

0.95 (0.45–2.00)

0.53

0.80 (0.40–1.61)

0.28

18.5–24.9

1

 

1

 

25–29.9

0.90 (0.65–1.23)

 

0.84 (0.63–1.11)

 

≥30

1.14 (0.82–1.58)

 

1.10 (0.81–1.47)

 

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

≤29

4.62 (3.06–6.99)

<0.0001

4.86 (3.34–7.09)

<0.0001

30–59

2.48 (1.84–3.33)

(<0.0001)

2.47 (1.89–3.23)

(<0.0001)

≥60

1

 

1

 

Proteinuria

 

1.23 (0.95–1.59)

0.12

1.22 (0.96–1.54)

0.10

Hypertension

 

1.27 (0.93–1.73)

0.13

1.19 (0.90–1.57)

0.21

Congestive cardiac failure

 

1.03 (0.76–1.39)

0.86

1.05 (0.80–1.39)

0.71

Ischaemic heart disease

 

0.76 (0.58–1.00)

0.04

0.77 (0.60–0.98)

0.03

Cerebrovascular disease

 

0.90 (0.68–1.20)

0.47

0.81 (0.62–1.05)

0.10

Dementia

 

1.17 (0.73–1.88)

0.53

1.17 (0.76–1.82)

0.48

Chronic lung disease

 

0.79 (0.58–1.07)

0.12

0.75 (0.57–0.98)

0.03

Cancer

 

0.76 (0.54–1.07)

0.11

0.89 (0.66–1.19)

0.42

Connective tissue diseases

 

0.66 (0.40–1.08)

0.08

0.73 (0.47–1.12)

0.14

Either ACEI/ ARBs

 

1.59 (1.19–2.13)

0.002

1.48 (1.14–1.92)

0.003

Glycated haemoglobin levels

Good <7%

1

 

1

 

Borderline 7–10%

0.82 (0.62–1.09)

0.38

0.85 (0.66–1.10)

0.42

High >7%

0.82 (0.43–1.54)

 

1.03 (0.60–1.77)

 

Medication-diabetes

None

1

 

1

 

Oral

1.05 (0.75–1.46)

0.05

1.02 (0.75–1.38)

0.02

Insulin

2.27 (1.27–4.05)

 

2.27 (1.34–3.84)

 

Both

1.11 (0.72–1.71)

 

1.10 (0.74–1.62)

 

Study period

April 2004–September 2007

1

<0.0001

1

<0.0001

October 2007–March 2011

2.90 (2.14–3.95)

(<0.0001)

2.38 (1.83–3.10)

(<0.0001)

  1. aadjusted for all variables in table BMI body mass index eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockersb likelihood ratio test PT P value for trend