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Table 7 Sensitivity analysis 3: Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury multivariable model restricted to hospitalised patients (N = 3047 outcome = 298)

From: Risk factors for developing acute kidney injury in older people with diabetes and community-acquired pneumonia: a population-based UK cohort study

Characteristics

Primary analysis

OR (95% CI)b

P valuea (PT)

Sensitivity analysis

OR (95% CI)b

P valuea (PT)

Gender

Female

0.64 (0.49–0.83)

0.0008

0.64 (0.49–0.84)

0.001

Age categories years

65–69

0.83 (0.52–1.35)

0.55

0.84 (0.52–1.37)

0.49

70–74

0.70 (0.46–1.09)

 

0.70 (0.45–1.09)

 

75–79

0.78 (0.54–1.13)

 

0.75 (0.52–1.10)

 

80–84

0.84 (0.59–1.18)

 

0.82 (0.58–1.16)

 

≥85

1

 

1

 

Smoking status

Non-smoker

1

0.25

1

0.32

Current smoker

1.39 (0.92–2.11)

 

1.34 (0.88–2.04)

 

Ex-smoker

1.26 (0.91–1.74)

 

1.25 (0.90–1.73)

 

Alcohol intake (units/day)

Non-drinker

1

0.43

1

0.59

Ex-drinker

1.00 (0.64–1.55)

 

1.00 (0.64–1.56)

 

Current ≤6 units/day

0.88 (0.61–1.26)

 

0.88 (0.61–1.28)

 

Heavy >6 units/day

0.55 (0.24–1.26)

 

0.61 (0.27–1.40)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

15–18.4

0.95 (0.45–2.00)

0.53

1.00 (0.47–2.13)

0.56

18.5–24.9

1

 

1

 

25–29.9

0.90 (0.65–1.23)

 

0.89 (0.65–1.22)

 

≥30

1.14 (0.82–1.58)

 

1.12 (0.80–1.56)

 

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

≤29

4.62 (3.06–6.99)

<0.0001

4.54 (2.98–6.90)

<0.0001

30–59

2.48 (1.84–3.33)

(<0.0001)

2.40 (1.78–3.25)

(<0.0001)

≥60

1

 

1

 

Proteinuria

 

1.23 (0.95–1.59)

0.12

1.19 (0.92–1.55)

0.19

Hypertension

 

1.27 (0.93–1.73)

0.13

1.30 (0.95–1.78)

0.09

Congestive cardiac failure

 

1.03 (0.76–1.39)

0.86

1.06 (0.78–1.43)

0.73

Ischaemic heart disease

 

0.76 (0.58–1.00)

0.04

0.75 (0.57–0.98)

0.03

Cerebrovascular disease

 

0.90 (0.68–1.20)

0.47

0.89 (0.67–1.19)

0.44

Dementia

 

1.17 (0.73–1.88)

0.53

1.26 (0.78–2.04)

0.36

Chronic lung disease

 

0.79 (0.58–1.07)

0.12

0.76 (0.56–1.03)

0.08

Cancer

 

0.76 (0.54–1.07)

0.11

0.77 (0.55–1.09)

0.13

Connective tissue diseases

 

0.66 (0.40–1.08)

0.08

0.64 (0.39–1.05)

0.07

Either ACEI/ ARBs

 

1.59 (1.19–2.13)

0.002

1.57 (1.17–2.11)

0.002

Glycated haemoglobin levels

Good <7%

1

 

1

 

Borderline 7–10%

0.82 (0.62–1.09)

0.38

0.83 (0.62–1.10)

0.40

High >7%

0.82 (0.43–1.54)

 

0.82 (0.43–1.56)

 

Medication-diabetes

None

1

0.05  

1

0.03

Oral

1.05 (0.75–1.46)

 

1.05 (0.75–1.48)

 

Insulin

2.27 (1.27–4.05)

 

2.43 (1.34–4.40)

 

Both

1.11 (0.72–1.71)

 

1.11 (0.72–1.71)

 

Study period

April 2004–September 2007

1

<0.0001

1

<0.0001

(<0.0001)

October 2007–March 2011

2.90 (2.14–3.95)

(<0.0001)

2.74 (2.01–3.73)

(<0.0001)

  1. OR odds ratio CI confidence interval alikelihood ratio test PT P value for trend badjusted for all variables in table BMI body mass index eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers Sep. September Oct. October
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BMC Nephrology

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