Table 1 Assessment of appropriateness tool based on the NAPS [15]
If evidence based guidelines are present: | Antibiotic therapy (selection, dose or frequency) concordant as per indication documented. | Optimal |
Antibiotic therapy (selection, dose or frequency), not concordant as per indication documented. However, (potential) causative pathogens will be treated/covered. | Adequate | |
If evidence based guidelines are absent: | Antibiotic therapy (selection, dose and frequency) will treat/cover (potential) causative pathogens as per indication documented and there is no better alternative (selection, dose and frequency) available. | Optimal |
Antibiotic therapy (selection, dose and frequency) will treat/cover (potential) causative pathogens as per indication documented, but there is a better alternative (selection, dose and frequency) available. | Adequate | |
Only one has to be met for all indications  • Antibiotic therapy (either selection, dose and frequency) not concordant and (potential) causative pathogens will not be treated/covered  • Severe hypersensitivity mismatch  • Antimicrobial and/or dose and/or frequency can pose a risk of toxicity to patient  • In addition for surgical prophylaxis, if duration is >24 h | Inadequate | |
Notes not comprehensive enough due to one or more of the following:  • Patient complexity  • Lack of documentation of indication  • Lack of information from interventions performed, pathology, progress | Not assessable | |