From: Timing of commencement of maintenance dialysis and mortality in young and older adults in Singapore
Variables | All (N = 3286) | Missing N (%) | aLate start (n = 1709) | aIntermediate start (n = 1359) | aEarly start (n = 218) | ǂP value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at 1st dialysis (years, mean, SD) | Â | Â | 60.1 (13.0) | 62.9 (12.1) | 64.2 (12.2) | <0.001 |
Age at 1st dialysis | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 18 to 54 years | 919 |  | 568 (33.2) | 309 (22.7) | 42 (19.3) |  |
 55 to 64 years | 995 |  | 507 (29.7) | 427 (31.4) | 61 (28.0) |  |
 ≥ 65 years | 1372 |  | 634 (37.1) | 623 (45.8) | 115 (52.8) |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 1862 |  | 874 (51.1) | 840 (61.8) | 148 (67.9) | <0.001 |
Ethnicities | Â | 28 (0.9) | Â | Â | Â | 0.32 |
 Chinese | 2122 |  | 1097 (64.6) | 881 (65.4) | 144 (67.6) |  |
 Malay | 873 |  | 477 (28.1) | 341 (25.3) | 55 (25.8) |  |
 Indian | 250 |  | 117 (6.9) | 119 (8.8) | 14 (6.6) |  |
 Eurasia | 13 |  | 7 (0.4) | 6 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) |  |
Education | Â | 3 (0.1) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No/Primary | 2223 |  | 1130 (66.2) | 934 (68.7) | 159 (73.3) | 0.072 |
 Secondary | 806 |  | 443 (26.0) | 314 (23.1) | 49 (22.6) |  |
 Post-secondary | 254 |  | 134 (7.9) | 111 (8.2) | 9 (4.2) |  |
Smoking | Â | 57 (1.7) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Current smoker | 392 |  | 203 (12.0) | 160 (12.0) | 29 (13.7) | <0.001 |
 Ex-smoker | 811 |  | 368 (21.8) | 372 (28.0) | 71 (33.5) |  |
 Never smoker | 2026 |  | 1117 (66.2) | 797 (60.0) | 112 (52.8) |  |
BMI (mean, SD) | 2637 | 649 (19.8) | 24.8 (5.1) | 24.3 (5.1) | 24.1 (5.0) | 0.051 |
Diabetes | 2332 | Â | 1113 (64.5) | 1067 (78.5) | 162 (74.3) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 3225 | Â | 1676 (98.1) | 1336 (98.3) | 213 (97.7) | 0.94 |
Ischemic Heart Disease | 1632 | 2 (0.1) | 705 (41.3) | 787 (57.9) | 140 (64.5) | <0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 830 | Â | 367 (21.5) | 391 (28.8) | 72 (33.0) | <0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 552 | 2 (0.1) | 214 (12.5) | 275 (20.2) | 63 (29.2) | <0.001 |
Malignancy | 257 | 6 (0.2) | 136 (8.0) | 100 (7.4) | 21 (9.7) | 0.85 |
Hepatitis B Ag | Â | 142 (4.3) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Negative | 3032 |  | 1599 (96.2) | 1240 (96.5) | 193 (98.5) | 0.17 |
 Positive | 112 |  | 64 (3.8) | 45 (3.5) | 3 (1.5) |  |
Anti-Hepatitis C | Â | 160 (4.9) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Negative | 3092 |  | 1641 (99.0) | 1260 (98.8) | 191 (98.5) | 0.41 |
 Positive | 34 |  | 16 (1.0) | 15 (1.2) | 3 (1.5) |  |
1st dialysis modality | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hemodialysis | 3047 |  | 1651 (96.6) | 1220 (89.8) | 176 (80.7) | <0.001 |
 Peritoneal Dialysis | 239 |  | 58 (3.4) | 139 (10.2) | 42 (19.3) |  |
Serum Albumin (g/L, mean, SD) | 2698 | 588 (17.9) | 32.3 (6.5) | 31.8 (6.2) | 31.3 (6.3) | 0.034 |
Last Hb level (g/dl, mean, SD) | 2720 | 566 (17.2) | 10.3 (1.7) | 10.5 (1.6) | 10.7 (1.6) | 0.002 |
TSAT (%, median, IQR) | 2531 | 755 (23.0) | 26.0 (19.0–36.0) | 25.0 (18.0–35.0) | 26.0 (17.0–37.8) | 0.34 |
Serum Ferritin (ng/ml, median, IQR) | 2504 | 782 (23.8) | 327.0 (165.0–574.0) | 331.0 (176.0–588.0) | 401.0 (178.5–769.0) | 0.014 |
Serum Phosphate (mmol/L, median, IQR) | 2704 | 582 (17.7) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | <0.001 |
Serum iPTH (pmol/L, median, IQR) | 2453 | 833 (25.3) | 24.3 (11.6–40.7) | 19.8 (9.8–32.7) | 14.4 (8.3–26.3) | <0.001 |
Serum calcium (mmol/L, median, IQR) | 2004 | 1282 (39.0) | 2.2 (2.0–2.3) | 2.2 (2.0–2.3) | 2.2 (2.0–2.3) | 0.99 |