Variable | Study Cohort (n = 403) |
---|---|
Age, years | 62 (13) |
Age > 70 years, n(%) | 132 (33) |
BMI, Kg/m2 | 28 (4) |
BSA, m2 a | 1.97 (0.2) |
Male/Female, n(%) | 314 (78) / 89 (22) |
Risk Factors | |
Hypertension, n(%) | 226 (56) |
Diabetes mellitus, n(%) | 104 (26) |
Dyslipidemia, n(%) | 161 (40) |
Current smokers, n(%) | 219 (54) |
Co-morbidities | |
Previous MI, n(%) | 65 (16) |
Chronic heart failure, n(%) | 6 (1.5) |
Peripheral arterial disease, n(%) | 22 (6) |
Previous stroke or TIA, n(%) | 31 (8) |
Atrial fibrillation, n(%) | |
Paroxysmal | 7 (1.5) |
Chronic | 14 (4) |
Valvular disease, n(%) | 5 (1) |
Previous PCI, n(%) | 45(11) |
Previous CABG, n(%) | 10 (2.5) |
Anemia, n(%) | 66 (16) |
Laboratory Data | |
Glucose at admission, mg/dl | 153 (70) |
Hematocrit at admission, % | 42 (5) |
Hemoglobin at admission, g/dL | 14.2 (1.7) |
Baseline creatinine, mg/dL | 0.98 (0.25) |
Creatinine at 48 h, mg/dL | 1.03 (0.31) |
Peak Creatinine during hospitalization, mg/dL | 1.12 (0.47) |
Baseline eGFR, mL/min b | 94 (35) |
eGFR at 48 h, mL/min b | 91 (38) |
Lowest eGFR during hospitalization, mL/min b | 85 (33) |
Baseline eGFR classification, n(%) | |
>90 ml/min | 199 (49) |
60-90 ml/min | 142 (35) |
<60 ml/min | 62 (16) |
Ejection fraction during hospitalization, n(%) | |
Normal (>55%) | 230 (57) |
Mildly reduced (45-55%) | 106 (26) |
Moderately reduced (35-44%) | 60 (14.5) |
Severely reduced (<35%) | 7 (1.5) |
Total Cholesterol, mg/dL | 204 (49) |
LDL Cholesterol, mg/dL | 129 (43) |
HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL | 44 (18) |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 155 (98) |
CPK at admission, IU/L | 201 (106-566) |
CK-MB at admission, IU/L | 32 (19-62) |
Peak CPK during hospitalization, IU/L | 1130 (400-2001) |
Peak CK-MB during hospitalization, IU/L | 91 (37-179) |
Peak CRP during hospitalization, mg/dL | 4.3 (1.45-8.90) |
Hospitalization Data | |
Type of Acute Coronary Syndrome | |
STEMI, n(%) | 288 (71) |
NSTEMI, n(%) | 115 (29) |
Site of MI | |
Inferior, n(%) | 129 (32) |
Anterior, n(%) | 169 (41.5) |
Lateral, n(%) | 42 (10) |
Infero-lateral, n(%) | 13 (3.5) |
Antero-lateral, n(%) | 47(11.5) |
Posterior, n(%) | 3 (1.5) |
Heart rate at admission, bpm | 80 (18) |
Systolic BP at admission, mmHg | 135 (26) |
Diastolic BP at admission, mmHg | 78 (12) |
Low BP (<90 mmHg) at admission, n(%) | 20 (5) |
Time from symptom onset, hours | 6.5 (2-11) |
TIMI risk score, n | 3 (1-4) |
Killip class, n(%) | |
Class I | 368 (91) |
Class II | 24 (6) |
Class III | 8 (2) |
Class IV | 3 (1) |
Coronary artery disease, n(%) | |
Non-significant disease | 17 (4) |
1-vessel | 218 (54) |
2-vessel | 103 (25) |
3-vessel | 65 (17) |
Left main stem disease | 25 (6) |
ACS treatment strategy, n(%) | |
Invasive during hospitalization | 261 (65) |
Primarily conservative | 142 (35) |
IV treatment with, n(%) | |
Thrombolysis | 172 (42) |
GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors | 50 (12.5) |
β-blockers | 38 (9.5) |
Use of inotropic support (catecholamine use or balloon counterpulsation) | 17 (4) |
Diuretics | 27 (6) |
Anti-arrhythmics | 48 (11.5) |
Adverse events, n(%) | 96 (23) |
Recurrent ischemia | 20 (5) |
Re-infarction | 14 (3.5) |
Hemodynamic collapse [9] | 16 (4) |
Tachyarrhythmia requiring intervention | 38 (9.5) |
Bradyarrhythmia requiring intervention | 13 (3.5) |
Acute heart failure during hospitalization | 31 (7) |
Major bleeding complications [10] | 3 (1) |
Acute mitral valve regurgitation (severe) | 4 (1) |
Pericarditis | 3 (1) |
Hospitalization (days) | 5 (4-7) |
Prior Medication Use | |
ACE- inhibitors, n(%) | 128 (31) |
Angiotensin receptor blockers, n(%) | 89 (22) |
Diuretics, n(%) | 65 (16) |
Aldosterone antagonists, n(%) | 18 (4) |
Nitrates, n(%) | 36 (8) |
Digitalis, n(%) | 11 (2.5) |
β- blockers, n(%) | 123 (30.5) |
Calcium channel blockers, n(%) | 43 (10) |
Amiodarone, n(%) | 15 (3.5) |
Statins, n(%) | 164 (40) |
Fibrates, n(%) | 1 (0.2) |
Aspirin, n(%) | 115 (28) |
P2Y12 antiplatelets, n(%) | 108 (26) |
Anticoagulants, n(%) | 9 (2) |
Anti-diabetics, n(%) | 55 (13) |
Metformin, n(%) | 35 (8) |
Insulin, n(%) | 16 (4) |