Full cohort | IPTW Cohort | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Non-users N = 497 | ACEI/ARB users N = 389 | Std. diff. | Non-users | ACEI/ARB users | Std. diff. |
Demographics | ||||||
Age (yr, mean ± SD) | 67 ± 14 | 64 ± 13 | 0.22 | 66 ± 19 | 65 ± 19 | 0.05 |
Male sex | 56 | 56 | 0.00 | 56 | 57 | 0.02 |
Race | ||||||
Black | 16 | 17 | 0.03 | 16 | 16 | 0.00 |
White | 79 | 76 | 0.07 | 78 | 77 | 0.02 |
Other | 5 | 7 | 0.08 | 6 | 7 | 0.04 |
Hispanic ethnicity | 10 | 16 | 0.18 | 12 | 12 | 0.00 |
Medicaid at time of dialysis initiation | 26 | 34 | 0.18 | 28 | 28 | 0.00 |
Reported comorbidities | ||||||
Cancer | 11 | 6 | 0.18 | 9 | 8 | 0.04 |
Cardiac disease, othera | 21 | 20 | 0.02 | 20 | 22 | 0.05 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 9 | 11 | 0.07 | 9 | 9 | 0.00 |
Coronary artery disease | 21 | 23 | 0.05 | 21 | 22 | 0.02 |
Diabetes mellitus | 55 | 64 | 0.18 | 60 | 58 | 0.04 |
Heart failure | 29 | 25 | 0.09 | 28 | 28 | 0.00 |
Hyperkalemia | 3 | 3 | 0.00 | 3 | 3 | 0.00 |
Hyperlipidemia | 18 | 18 | 0.00 | 18 | 18 | 0.00 |
Hypertension | 92 | 96 | 0.17 | 93 | 94 | 0.04 |
Liver disease | 2 | 1 | 0.08 | 1 | 2 | 0.08 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 15 | 16 | 0.03 | 15 | 15 | 0.00 |
Pulmonary disease | 15 | 13 | 0.06 | 14 | 14 | 0.00 |
Tobacco use | 7 | 7 | 0.00 | 7 | 7 | 0.00 |
Days hospitalized in in the first 90 days of dialysis (median, IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.00 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.00 |
Baseline medication use | ||||||
ACEI or ARB | ||||||
ACEI | 0 | 65 | NA | 0 | 65 | NA |
ARB | 0 | 42 | NA | 0 | 41 | NA |
Both | 0 | 6 | NA | 0 | 6 | NA |
Beta blocker | 63 | 61 | 0.04 | 63 | 62 | 0.02 |
Calcium channel blocker | 46 | 64 | 0.37 | 54 | 57 | 0.06 |
Diuretic | 56 | 66 | 0.21 | 61 | 59 | 0.04 |
Other antihypertensiveb | 40 | 48 | 0.16 | 43 | 44 | 0.02 |
Statin | 49 | 61 | 0.24 | 54 | 56 | 0.04 |
Clopidogrel | 12 | 13 | 0.03 | 13 | 14 | 0.03 |
Warfarin | 10 | 6 | 0.15 | 9 | 8 | 0.04 |
Other cardiovascular medc | 19 | 25 | 0.15 | 21 | 23 | 0.05 |
Levothyroxine | 17 | 18 | 0.03 | 18 | 18 | 0.00 |
Dialysis characteristics | ||||||
Saw nephrologist prior to dialysis initiation | 88 | 88 | 0.00 | 87 | 89 | 0.06 |
Year initiated dialysis | ||||||
2007 | 14 | 18 | 0.11 | 15 | 16 | 0.03 |
2008 | 17 | 21 | 0.10 | 18 | 21 | 0.08 |
2009 | 15 | 18 | 0.08 | 17 | 16 | 0.03 |
2010 | 29 | 25 | 0.09 | 28 | 27 | 0.02 |
2011 | 25 | 18 | 0.17 | 22 | 20 | 0.05 |
CAPD (vs. CCPD) | 32 | 40 | 0.17 | 35 | 36 | 0.02 |
Vital signs and laboratory measurements | ||||||
BMI (mean ± SD)d | 28.3 ± 6 | 29.0 ± 6.4 | 0.11 | 28.4 ± 8 | 28.8 ± 9.7 | 0.04 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL, mean ± SD) | 10.7 ± 1.4 | 10.9 ± 1.5 | 0.14 | 10.7 ± 1.9 | 10.9 ± 2.2 | 0.10 |
Albumin (g/dL, mean ± SD) | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 0.00 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 0.00 |
Baseline rGFR (ml/min, mean ± SD) | 8.4 ± 4.8 | 8.5 ± 4.7 | 0.02 | 8.3 ± 6.3 | 8.6 ± 7.2 | 0.07 |
24 h urine volume (ml, median, IQR) | 900 (550–1400) | 1000 (600–1500) | 0.07 | 850 (600–1400) | 900 (600–1400) | 0.01 |
Facility characteristics | ||||||
Number of PD patients (median, IQR)e | 24 (14–39) | 25 (14–39) | 24 (14–39) | 25 (14–39) | ||
≥20 | 62 | 65 | 0.06 | 62 | 62 | 0.00 |
Ruralf | 14 | 15 | 0.03 | 15 | 15 | 0.00 |
Geographic location (U.S. census division)g | ||||||
East North Central | 12 | 13 | 0.03 | 13 | 12 | 0.03 |
East South Central | 7 | 8 | 0.04 | 8 | 7 | 0.04 |
Middle Atlantic | 8 | 6 | 0.08 | 7 | 8 | 0.04 |
Mountain | 5 | 3 | 0.10 | 4 | 5 | 0.05 |
New England | 5 | 3 | 0.10 | 5 | 3 | 0.10 |
Pacific | 10 | 16 | 0.18 | 13 | 14 | 0.03 |
South Atlantic | 29 | 27 | 0.04 | 28 | 27 | 0.02 |
West North Central | 10 | 8 | 0.07 | 10 | 10 | 0.00 |
West South Central | 13 | 15 | 0.06 | 13 | 14 | 0.03 |