Table 2 : Prevalence of Symptoms of CKD among the Study Population during the Period of One Week by their Stage in the CKD Disease
From: Symptom burden in chronic kidney disease; a population based cross sectional study
Symptom | Early stage (N = 259) | Stage 4 (N = 629) | Stage 5 – Non dialysis (N = 153) | Stage 5 – Dialysis (N = 38) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 95% CI | n (%) | 95% CI | n (%) | 95% CI | n (%) | 95% CI | |
Loss of appetite | 150 (57.9) | 51.9–63.9 | 410 (65.2) | 61.5–68.9 | 104 (68.0) | 60.6–75.4 | 32 (84.2) | 72.6–95.8 |
Nausea | 77 (29.7) | 24.1–35.3 | 206 (32.8) | 29.1–36.5 | 67 (43.7) | 35.8–51.6 | 22 (57.9) | 42.2–73.6 |
Vomiting | 25 (9.6) | 6.0–13.2 | 77 (12.2) | 9.6–14.8 | 38 (24.8) | 18.0–31.6 | 10 (26.3) | 12.3–40.3 |
Diarrhea | 10 (3.8) | 1.5–6.1 | 35 (5.5) | 3.7–7.3 | 13 (8.5) | 4.1–12.9 | 06 (15.8) | 4.2–27.4 |
Lethargy | 133 (51.4) | 45.3–57.5 | 360 (57.2) | 53.3–61.1 | 95 (62.1) | 54.4–69.8 | 32 (84.2) | 72.6–95.8 |
Changes in skin color | 29 (11.2) | 7.4–15.0 | 89 (14.1) | 11.4–16.8 | 48 (31.4) | 24.0–38.8 | 22 (57.9) | 42.2–73.6 |
Swelling of arms or legs | 104 (40.2) | 34.2–46.2 | 321 (51.0) | 47.1–54.9 | 115 (75.2) | 68.4–82.0 | 21 (81.6) | 69.3–93.9 |
Difficulty in breathing | 146 (44.8) | 38.7–50.9 | 338 (55.3) | 51.4–59.2 | 100 (78.4) | 71.9–84.9 | 32 (84.2) | 72.6–95.8 |
Hiccups | 29 (11.2) | 7.4–15.0 | 105 (16.7) | 13.8–19.6 | 31 (20.3) | 13.9–26.7 | 13 (34.2) | 19.1–49.3 |
Difficulty keeping legs still | 15 (5.8) | 3.0–8.6 | 80 (12.7) | 10.1–15.3 | 126 (82.3) | 76.3–88.3 | 38 (100.0) | 100.0–100 |
Numbness/tingling of hands and feet | 46 (17.7) | 13.1–22.3 | 173 (27.5) | 24.2–31.2 | 105 (68.6) | 61.2–76.0 | 29 (76.3) | 31.4–63.2 |
Lack of energy | 178 (68.7) | 63.1–74.3 | 467 (74.2) | 70.8–77.6 | 138 (90.2) | 85.5–94.9 | 35 (92.1) | 83.5–100.0 |
Trouble with memory | 150 (57.9) | 51.9–63.9 | 369 (58.7) | 54.9–62.5 | 106 (69.3) | 62.9–75.7 | 27 (71.1) | 54.7–87.5 |
Weight loss | 84 (32.4) | 26.7–38.1 | 203 (32.3) | 28.6–36.0 | 49 (32.0) | 24.2–39.8 | 23 (60.5) | 42.4–78.6 |
Bone/joint pain | 222 (85.7) | 81.4–90.0 | 550 (87.4) | 84.8–90.0 | 139 (90.8) | 82.9–98.7 | 37 (97.4) | 93.4–100.0 |
Muscle cramps | 185 (71.4) | 65.9–76.9 | 493 (78.4) | 75.2–81.6 | 121 (79.1) | 71.3–86.9 | 35 (92.1) | 85.3–98.9 |
Difficulty concentrating | 146 (56.4) | 50.4–62.4 | 379 (60.3) | 56.5–64.1 | 90 (58.8) | 51.1–66.5 | 31 (81.6) | 69.5–93.7 |
Dry skin | 100 (38.6) | 32.7–44.5 | 289 (45.9) | 42.0–49.8 | 87 (55.6) | 48.5–62.7 | 23 (60.5) | 41.9–79.1 |
Itching | 106 (40.9) | 34.9–46.9 | 280 (44.5) | 40.6–48.4 | 88 (57.5) | 51.3–63.7 | 22 (57.9) | 37.8–78.0 |
Feeling sad | 161 (62.2) | 56.3–68.1 | 374 (59.5) | 55.7–63.3 | 93 (60.8) | 52.9–68.7 | 30 (78.9) | 67.3–90.5 |
Difficulty sleeping | 167 (64.5) | 58.7–70.3 | 431 (68.5) | 64.9–72.1 | 110 (71.9) | 64.0–79.8 | 33 (86.8) | 77.6–96.0 |
Feeling irritable | 200 (77.2) | 72.1–82.3 | 486 (77.3) | 74.0–80.6 | 124 (81.0) | 73.3–88.7 | 36 (94.7) | 88.8–100.0 |
Loss/ decreased libido | 113 (43.6) | 37.6–49.6 | 272 (43.2) | 39.3–47.1 | 70 (45.8) | 37.9–53.7 | 24 (63.2) | 47.9–78.5 |
Impotence | 109 (42.1) | 36.1–48.1 | 270 (42.9) | 39.0–46.8 | 70 (45.8) | 37.9–53.7 | 24 (63.2) | 47.9–78.5 |
Heartburn | 139 (53.7) | 47.6–59.8 | 342 (54.4) | 50.5–58.3 | 93 (60.8) | 53.1–68.5 | 25 (65.8) | 50.7–80.9 |