Table 2 Clinical characteristics of published cases with available baseline serum creatinine and metformin dosage data stratified by dosing appropriatenessa
Appropriate dosing | Inappropriate dosing | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
FDA black-box warning | |||
n | 57 | 23 | |
Age (yr) | 67 (60–74) | 73 (63–76) | 0.28 |
Male (Frequency, %) | 20 (35.1) | 9 (39.1) | 0.73 |
Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 58.1 (46.5–71.5) | 31.2 (18.8–35.3) | <0.01 |
Baseline CKD stage | |||
CKD stage 1–2 (Frequency, %) | 26 (45.6) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
CKD stage 3 (Frequency, %) | 31 (54.4) | 13 (56.5) | |
CKD stage 4–5 (Frequency, %) | 0 (0) | 10 (43.5) | |
Trough eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | n = 56 5.5 (4.3–8.7) | n = 21 6.7 (4.5–14.8) | 0.66 |
Mortality (Frequency, %) | 6 (10.5%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.08 |
Metformin dose (mg/day) | 2000 (1500–3000) | 1700 (1500–2550) | 0.04 |
Metformin concentration (mg/L) | n = 29 37 (22–52) | n = 11 26 (16–31.5) | 0.21 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 19 (12.5–23.5) | 13.4 (9.2–16.6) | 0.02 |
eGFR-dosing algorithm | |||
n | 31 | 42 | |
Age (yr) | 67 (60–73) | 70.5 (63–76) | 0.46 |
Male (Frequency, %) | 16 (51.6) | 11 (26.2) | 0.03 |
Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 65.7 (51.3–78.1) | 38.2 (31.1–46.4) | <0.01 |
Baseline CKD stage | |||
CKD stage 1–2 (Frequency, %) | 20 (64.5) | 3 (7.1) | <0.01 |
CKD stage 3 (Frequency, %) | 11 (35.5) | 29 (69.1) | |
CKD stage 4–5 (Frequency, %) | 0 (0) | 10 (23.8) | |
Trough eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | n = 31 5.7 (4.5–20.5) | n = 40 5.5 (3.8–10.3) | 0.22 |
Mortality (Frequency, %) | 6 (19.4%) | 6 (14.3%) | 0.56 |
Metformin dose (mg/day) | 1700 (1500–2000) | 2550 (1700–3000) | <0.01 |
Metformin concentration (mg/L) | n = 16 41.5 (19–62.5) | n = 19 27 (20–43.9) | 0.27 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | n = 30 17.5 (11.8–24) | n = 41 14.2 (11.7–21) | 0.27 |