A comparison of early versus late initiation of renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 4 Subgroup Meta-analyses and Meta regression Analyses

Subgroup	No. of Studies	No. of Patients	Random-Effects Model RR (95% CI)	Test for Effect P	I²(%)	Test for Heterogeneity P	Meta regression P
All Studies	9	1636	0.98 (0.78, 1.23)	0.84	60	0.01
Study Design							0.216
Single-center	4	511	0.58 (0.25, 1.36)	0.21	78	0.003
Multicenter	5	1125	1.03 (0.91, 1.17)	0.61	0	0.75
Sample Size							0.362
< 100	3	148	0.37 (0.07, 1.90)	0.23	82	0.004
≥ 100	6	1488	1.00 (0.83, 1.21)	0.98	44	0.11
Patient Population
Multisystem	6	1340	1.00 (0.82, 1.22)	0.99	42	0.120
Post cardiac surgery	3	296	0.37 (0.07, 1.81)	0.22	83	0.003
RRT Modality							0.838
CVVH	5	665	0.91 (0.63, 1.32)	0.62	71	0.007
IHD	2	252	0.63 (0.06, 6.19)	0.69	79	0.03
CVVH/IHD	2	719	0.98 (0.84, 1.14)	0.75	0	0.84
Days of Follow up							0.681
< 60	4	254	0.65 (0.30, 1.43)	0.29	74	0.009
≥ 60	5	1382	0.99 (0.80, 1.23)	0.95	53	0.07
Creatinine Difference							0.632
Significant	4	583	0.92 (0.55, 1.53)	0.74	67	0.03
Nonsignificant	5	1053	1.02 (0.78, 1.33)	0.87	57	0.05
UO Difference							0.079
Significant	2	259	0.40 (0.10, 1.63)	0.20	78	0.03
Nonsignificant	5	1227	1.05 (0.92, 1.19)	0.48	0	0.42
KDIGO							0.334
stage 1–2	5	627	0.74 (0.47, 1.17)	0.20	72	0.01
stage 3	3	933	1.08 (0.84, 1.40)	0.54	31	0.23

Abbreviations: RRT renal replacement therapy, EHV early high volume, ELV early low volume, LLV late low volume, CVVH continuous venovenous hemoflitration, IHD intermittent hemodialysis, UO urinary output, KDIGO kidney disease: improving global outcomes

ISSN: 1471-2369