Table 1 Baseline characteristics of derivation and validation cohorts in male and female groups
Characteristics | Male | Female | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Derivation cohort (n = 36,289) | Validation cohort (n = 18,145) | Derivation cohort (n = 41,347) | Validation cohort (n = 20,674) | |
Socio-demographics | ||||
Age,years | 61.4 ± 10.0 | 61.4 ± 10.0 | 62.7 ± 9.9 | 62.8 ± 9.8 |
Smoker | 7627 (21.0%) | 3843 (21.2%) | 923 (2.2%) | 411 (2.0%) |
Disease characteristics | ||||
Duration of T2DM, years | 6.8 ± 6.1 | 6.9 ± 6.4 | 7.4 ± 6.7 | 7.4 ± 6.6 |
Diagnosed Hypertension | 24,862 (68.5%) | 12,488 (68.8%) | 30,857 (74.6%) | 15,436 (74.7%) |
STDR | 2111 (5.8%) | 1057 (5.8%) | 1961 (4.7%) | 934 (4.5%) |
Treatment modalities | ||||
Anti-hypertensive drugs used | 27,294 (75.2%) | 13,573 (74.8%) | 31,845 (77.0%) | 15,980 (77.3%) |
Anti-glucose oral drugs used | 32,296 (89.0%) | 16,102 (88.7%) | 35,875 (86.8%) | 17,977 (87.0%) |
Insulin used | 929 (2.6%) | 475 (2.6%) | 983 (2.4%) | 509 (2.5%) |
Lipid-lowering agents used | 9016 (24.8%) | 4639 (25.6%) | 12,480 (30.2%) | 6245 (30.2%) |
Clinical parameters | ||||
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.4 ± 3.8 | 25.5 ± 3.8 | 25.6 ± 4.2 | 25.5 ± 4.3 |
Waist circumference, cm | 90.7 ± 19.8 | 90.8 ± 17.8 | 87.5 ± 20.8 | 87.6 ± 24.5 |
HbA1c, % | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.2 |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 55 ± 14.2 | 55 ± 14.2 | 55 ± 13.1 | 55 ± 13.1 |
SBP, mmHg | 134.0 ± 15.9 | 134.2 ± 16.1 | 134.6 ± 16.5 | 134.7 ± 16.4 |
DBP, mmHg | 77.0 ± 9.8 | 77.1 ± 9.7 | 73.7 ± 9.7 | 73.7 ± 9.6 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.8 |
TC/HDL-C ratio | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 |
Urine ACR, mg/mmol | 6.8 ± 40.6 | 7.0 ± 41.7 | 6.8 ± 37.9 | 7.2 ± 52.0 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | ||||
≥ 90 | 26,683 (73.5%) | 13,277 (73.2%) | 29,839 (72.2%) | 14,857 (71.9%) |
60–89 | 8694 (24.0%) | 4381 (24.1%) | 9906 (24.0%) | 5041 (24.4%) |
< 60 | 912 (2.5%) | 487 (2.7%) | 1601 (3.9%) | 776 (3.8%) |