Prediction of new onset of end stage renal disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus – a population-based retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Cox regression models for predictors of developing end stage renal disease in derivation cohort

Predictors	Male			Female
Predictors	HR^a	95%CI	P-value	HR^a	95%CI	P-value
Socio-demographics
Age, years	1.06	(1.05,1.08)	<0.001*	1.03	(1.02,1.05)	<0.001*
Smoker (Non-smoker)	1.29	(1.11,1.50)	0.001*
Disease characteristics
Duration of T2DM, years				1.01	(1.00,1.02)	0.046*
STDR (No)	1.47	(1.18,1.84)	0.001*
Treatment modalities
Anti-hypertensive drugs used (No)	1.54	(1.21,1.97)	0.001*	1.66	(1.21,2.26)	0.002*
Oral drug (No)	1.37	(1.07,1.75)	0.011*	1.98	(1.43,2.75)	<0.001*
Insulin drug (No)	9.79	(1.66,57.62)	0.012*	1.73	(1.30,2.29)	<0.001*
Clinical parameters
BMI, kg/m²				0.85	(0.77,0.95)	0.002*
BMI², kg/m²				1.003	(1.001,1.005)	0.001*
HbA1c, %	0.79	(0.64,0.98)	0.036*	0.70	(0.49,0.99)	0.046*
HbA1c², %	1.02	(1.01,1.03)	0.002*	1.03	(1.01,1.05)	0.013*
SBP, mmHg	1.01	(1.01,1.02)	<0.001*	1.01	(1.00,1.01)	0.025*
DBP, mmHg	0.93	(0.88,0.98)	0.009*	0.92	(0.86,0.98)	0.007*
DBP², mmHg	1.0004	(1.0000,1.0008)	0.039*	1.001	(1.000,1.001)	0.017*
ln(Urine ACR + 1), mg/mmol	3.15	(2.11,4.69)	<0.001*	1.45	(1.37,1.53)	<0.001*
eGFR (>90 ml/min/1.73m²)
60-89 ml/min/1.73m²	2.45	(2.08,2.88)	<0.001*	2.00	(0.38,10.51)	0.412
< 60 ml/min/1.73m²	8.76	(7.08,10.84)	<0.001*	112.06	(23.97,523.76)	<0.001*
Age interaction term
Age*eGFR(>90 ml/min/1.73m²)
60-89 ml/min/1.73m²				1.003	(0.979,1.028)	0.816
< 60 ml/min/1.73m²				0.97	(0.95,0.99)	0.006*
Age*insulin	0.97	(0.95,1.00)	0.028*
Age* ln(Urine ACR + 1)	0.99	(0.98,0.99)	<0.001*

T2DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, STDR Sight Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy, BMI Body Mass Index, HbA1c Hemogloblin A1c, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, TC Total Cholesterol, HDL-C High-density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, ACR Albumin/Creatinine Ratio, eGFR estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, T2DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HR Hazard Ratio
* Significant difference (P < 0.05)
^a HR > 1 indicates greater risk of event occurrence

ISSN: 1471-2369