Table 3 Potential confounders of the association between biomarkers and outcomes
From: Predictors of Acute Renal Injury Study (PARIS) among HIV-positive individuals: design and methods
Potential confounders | Outcomes | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Incident hospitalized AKI | Subsequent kidney function | ||
Socio demographic | Age | Baseline | Baseline |
Race | Baseline | Baseline | |
Gender | Baseline | Baseline | |
Injection drug use | Baseline | Time-varying post-discharge | |
Baseline CKD | Albuminuria | Baseline | Baseline |
eGFR | Baseline | Baseline | |
Chronic Co-morbid Conditions | HCV co-infection | Baseline history | Baseline history |
Diabetes Mellitus | Baseline history | Baseline history | |
Hypertension | Baseline history, ambulatory systolic & diastolic blood pressure | Baseline history, ambulatory systolic & diastolic blood pressure | |
Cardiovascular disease | Baseline history | Baseline history | |
HIV Disease Stage | AIDS history | Time-updated absorbent state | Time-updated absorbent state |
CD4+ cell count | Time-varying | Time-varying | |
HIV-1 RNA level | Time-varying | Time-varying | |
Medication Exposure | Antiretroviral drugs (evaluated as HAART, ART classes and individual drugs) | Cumulative | Cumulative post-discharge |
NSAIDs | Cumulative | Cumulative post-discharge | |
RAS-antagonist | Cumulative | Cumulative post-discharge | |
Hospitalization-related factors | Antibiotic (by class) | Cumulative | In-patient exposure |
IV contrast | — | In-patient exposure | |
AKI | — | AKI stage; peak serum creatinine | |
Intensive care unit stay | — | In-patient exposure | |
Duration of hospitalization | — | ||
Primary discharge diagnosis | — | Categorized: Cardiovascular, infectious, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cancer, other | |
Anthropometric measurements | Weight | Baseline | Baseline |
Height | Baseline | Baseline | |
Waist circumference | Baseline | Baseline | |
Hip circumference | Baseline | Baseline | |