Fig. 5

MDCK cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. MDCK cells were stimulated with TGF-β 1 (1 ng/ml) for 48 h (b and d) and unstimulated cells were used as control (a and c). Cells before the expose to fluorescence (a and b). Immunofluorescence for IDO (c and d) in MDCK cells. The immunofluorescence for IDO was significantly higher in TGF-β 1-stimulated cells (e). HPLC measurements demonstrated that the concentration of kynurenine, the main IDO catabolite, was increased in the supernatant of TGF-β 1-stimulated cells, but no statistical significance was found (f). Triplicate for each condition were performed. *p < 0.05 vs. Control