Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 40 CKD subjects and 42 controls

Age (years)

62.9 ± 10.2

59.9 ± 9.8

Male (%)

28 (70.0)

26 (62.0)

BMI (kg/m²)

28.5 ± 5.3

27.6 ± 4.8

Race-Caucasian (%)

37 (95)

39 (95)

Diabetes mellitus (%)

17(42.5)^**

4(9.5)

CVD (%)

12 (30.8)^*

3 (7.1)

Hypertension (%)

38 (95)^**

14 (33)

Hyperlipidemia (%)

26 (65)

13 (31)

Physically active (%)

18 (45)^*

30 (73)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

131 ± 16

133 ± 16

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

75 ± 9

79 ± 10

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

19.5 ± 6.7^**

88.6 ± 12.9

uPCR (mg/mmol)^a

84 (36–154)^**

7 (5–9)

uACR (mg/mmol)^a

43 (8.4–101.5)^**

0.6 (0.5–0.9)

Serum Albumin (g/L)

38.5 ± 3.6^**

41.5 ± 2.6

Hemoglobin (g/L)

120.7 ± 16.0^**

145.0 ± 11.1

Urate (mmol/L)

0.43 ± 0.09^**

0.33 ± 0.09

Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L)

23.4 ± 2.2^**

27.1 ± 2.4

CRP (mg/L)^a

1.0 (1.0–5.6)

1.0 (1.0–3.1)

Serum Corrected Calcium (mmol/L)

2.37 ± 0.14^*

2.29 ± 0.07

Serum Phosphate (mmol/L)

1.40 ± 0.24^**

1.13 ± 0.19

PTH (pmol/L)^a

11.0 (7.2–22.0)^**

3.5 (2.8–4.3)

25(OH) D (nmol/L)

89.8 ± 29.7^*

77.6 ± 21.9

1,25(OH)₂D (nmol/L)

83.9 ± 57.9^**

145.4 ± 40.5

Soluble α-klotho (pg/mL)^a

576.7 (473.6–704.3)

613.9 (497.3–933.8)

FGF23 (pg/mL)^a

240.6 (141.9–1129.8)^**

46.8 (33.1–56.3)

PWV (m/s)^a

9.7 (7.6–11.7)^*

8.1 (7.2–9.7)

AAC (%)

31 (83.8)^*

17 (48.6)

AAC score

8 (3–14)

1 (0–5)

 Cholecalciferol (%)

8 (20.0)

4 (9.5)

 Activated vitamin D (%)

16 (38.1)^**

0 (0)

 Calcium Supplements (%)

7 (17.5)

4 (9.5)

 ACEi/ARB (%)

28 (70.0)^**

11 (26.2)

F/up duration (months)

12.4 ± 0.8

12.3 ± 0.7