| Reported dietary adherence rate (%) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Authors, Year, Country | N / gender % male | CKD stage / RRT modality | Adherence Measurement Tool | Renal diet | Fluid | Energy | Protein | PO4 | K | Na | Fat | CHO | Fibre |
Ahrari et al., 2014, Iran [38] | 237 / 57.7 | HD | DDFQ | 58.9 | 54.8 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Antunes et al., 2010, Brazil [47] | 79 / 60.7 | HD & PD | 3Â day food recall | Â | Â | Â | 43.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Baraz et al., 2010, Iran [59] | 63 / 52.4 | HD | Serum urea, uric acid creatinine, K, PO4 | 64.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Barnett et al., 2007, Malaysia [62] | 26 / 50.0 | HD | IDWG | Â | 47.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Casey et al., 2002, England [63] | 21 / 52.0 | HD | IDWG | Â | 61.9 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Chan et al., 2012, Hong Kong [88] | 188 / 48.9 | HD | DDFQ | 36.2 | 48.4 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Serum K, PO4 | 27.7 | Â | |||||||||||
IDWG | Â | 24.5 | |||||||||||
Chan et al., 2010, Hong Kong [39] | 76 / 39.5 | PD | DDFQ | 65.8 | 85.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
77 / 68.8 | 44.2 | 66.2 | |||||||||||
Durose et al. 2004, United Kingdom [72] | 71 / 58.0 | HD | Serum PO4, K and IDWG | Â | 77.0 | Â | Â | 69.0 | 96.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Elliott et al., 2015, USA [84] | 95 / 57.0 | HD | PAPM | Â | Â | Â | Â | 32.6 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Serum phosphate | 43.8 | ||||||||||||
Gordon et al., 2009, USA [35] | 82 / 57.3 | KT | Self-report | Â | 33.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gordon et al., 2010, USA [36] | 88 / 58.0 | KT | Self-report | Â | 35.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Harvinder et al., 2013, Malaysia [45] | 52 / 51.0a | PD | 2Â day food recall | Â | Â | 11.0 | 21.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
38 | PD | 23.0 | |||||||||||
107 / 59.0b | HD | 25.0 | 33.0 | ||||||||||
48 | HD | 16.0 | |||||||||||
Hecking et al., 2004, UK [78] | 620 / 62.0 | HD | Serum phosphate, potassium and IDWG | Â | 96.6 | Â | Â | 77.1 | 90.2 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hecking et al., 2004, Spain [78] | 576 / 57.0 | 92.5 | 77.4 | 72.7 | |||||||||
Hecking et al., 2004, Italy [78] | 600 / 57.0 | 82.3 | 84.5 | 72.0 | |||||||||
Hecking et al., 2004, France [78] | 571 / 84.6 | 94.4 | 61.5 | 84.6 | |||||||||
Hecking et al., 2004, Germany [78] | 672 / 57.0 | 85.7 | 78.7 | 89.1 | |||||||||
Johannson et al., 2013, England [49] | 106 / 71.7 | HD & PD | 3Â day food record | Â | Â | 20.0 | 60.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Kara et al., 2007, Turkey [40] | 160 / 57.5 | HD | DDFQ | 49.1 | 31.9 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Khalil et al., 2011, USA [76] | 100 / 44.0 | HD | DDFQ | 66.0 | 50.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Serum bloods | 44.0 | Â | 99.0 | 48.0 | 90.0 | ||||||||
IDWG | Â | 9.0 | Â | Â | Â | ||||||||
Khalil and Darawad, 2014, Jordan [87] | 190 / 54.0 | HD | DDFQ | 27.0 | 23.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Serum bloods | 46.0 | Â | 20.0 | 83.0 | 80.0 | ||||||||
IDWG | Â | 50.0 | Â | Â | Â | ||||||||
Khoueiry et al., 2001, USA [52] | 70 / 54.0 | HD | FFQ | Â | Â | Â | 31.4 | Â | Â | 48.6 | T:7.1 SF:31.4 | 94.3 | 2.9 |
Kugler et al., 2011, Germany and USA [41] | 456 / 57.9 | HD | DDFQ | 19.6 | 25.7 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Kugler et al., 2005, Germany and Belgium [33] | 916 / 52.9 | HD | DDFQ | 18.6 | 25.4 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Lam et al., 2010, Hong Kong [42] | 173 / 51.0 | PD | DDFQ | 38.0 | 64.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Lee et al., 2002, Hong Kong [56] | 62 / 50.0 | HD | Self-report | 66.0 | 63.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Serum PO4, K | 35.0 | Â | 43.5 | 61.0 | |||||||||
IDWG | Â | 40.3 | Â | Â | |||||||||
Lindberg et al., 2009, Sweden [64] | 4498 / 60.3 | HD | IDWG | Â | 70.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mellon et al., 2013, Ireland [19] | 50 / 60.0 | HD | Serum PO4, K and IDWG | Â | 38.0 | Â | Â | 72.0 | 66.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Molaison et al., 2003, USA [65] | 316 / 50.6 | HD | IDWG | Â | 24.6 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mason et al., 2014, Australia [60] | 47 / 51.1 | NDCKD | Urine | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 32.0 | Â | Â | Â |
Moreira et al., 2013, Portugal [77] | 130 / 63.8 | HD | 3Â day food record | Â | Â | 25.4 | 67.7 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Morales Lopez et al., 2007, USA [58] | 17 / 35 | HD | Serum albumin, PO4, K and IDWG | Â | Â | Â | 76.0 | 88.0 | 65.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
17 / 35 | 59.0 | 88.0 | 76.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||||
O’Connor et al., 2008, Scotland [66] | 73 / 60.3 | HD | Serum PO4, IDWG |  | 30.0 |  |  |  | 84.0 |  |  |  |  |
Paes-Barreto et al., 2013, Brazil [43] | 43 / 51.2 | HD | 24Â h food recall | Â | Â | Â | 46.5 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
46 / 52.2 | 37.0 | ||||||||||||
Pang et al., 2001, China [67] | 92 / 42.4 | HD | IDWG | Â | 68.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Park et al., 2008, South Korea [80] | 64 / 56.3 | HD | Serum PO4, K and IDWG | Â | 54.7 | Â | Â | 68.8 | 76.6 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
96 / 40.6 | 37.2 | 44.8 | 71.9 | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||||
Poduval et al., 2003, USA [74] | 117 / 52.1 | HD | Calcium Phosphate product | Â | Â | Â | Â | 42.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Quan et al., 2006, China [50] | 30 / 46.7 | HD | 3Â day food record | 19.5 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Russell et al., 2001, USA [57] | 19 / 47.0 | HD | Serum albumin, PO4 and IDWG | Â | 78.9 | Â | 100.0 | 68.4 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rocco et al., 2002, USA [46] | 1000 / 46.4 | HD | 2Â day food recall | Â | Â | 24.0 | 39.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
enPCR | 48.0 | ||||||||||||
Saran et al., 2006, USA [27] | 3359 / 55.1 | HD | Serum PO4, K, and IDWG | Â | 83.2 | Â | Â | 84.6 | 93.7 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Saran et al., 2006, Europe [27] | 2337 / 59.7 | 89.0 | 87.2 | 80.0 | |||||||||
Saran et al., 2006, Japan [27] | 1980 / 62.4 | 65.5 | 87.9 | 92.4 | |||||||||
Sharp et al., 2005, Scotland [68] | 56 / 67.9 | HD | IDWG | Â | 0.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sutton et al., 2001, England [82] | 34 / 70.6 | PD | 5Â day food record | Â | Â | 11.8 | 21 | 70.6 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Unruh et al., 2005, USA [75] | 739 / 53.7 | HD | Serum PO4, K | Â | Â | Â | Â | 59.1 | 79.3 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Vlaminck et al., 2001, Belgium [37] | 564 / 49.1 | HD | DDFQ | 18.0 | 28.0 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Wang et al., 2003, Hong Kong 53] | 266 / 52.3 | PD | 7Â day FFQ | Â | Â | 25.5 | 39.1 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Wang et al., 2007, Hong Kong [54] | 249 / 50.6 | PD | 7Â day FFQ | Â | Â | Â | 75.0 | Â | Â | Â | T:51.0 SF:84.0 | 80.0 | Â |
Welch et al., 2001, USA [70] | 148 / 52.0 | HD | IDWG | Â | 33.8 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yusop et al., 2013, Malaysia [81] | 90 / 48.9 | HD | 2Â day food recall | Â | 31.1 | 20.0 | 24.4 | 82.2 | 100.0 | 86.7 | Â | Â | Â |
Total number participants | 23,177 | Weighted mean adherence rate | 31.5 | 68.5 | 23.1 | 45.5 | 79.8 | 85.6 | 61.4 | TF:41.4 SF:72.5 | 83.1 | 2.9 |