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Table 2 Univariable analyses of determinants of any AKI and multivariable analyses investigating the association between chloride levels on ICU admission and 1) any AKI at 72 h and 2) moderate/severe AKI at 72 h

From: Effect of hyperchloremia on acute kidney injury in critically ill septic patients: a retrospective cohort study

Variable

Any AKI

Any AKI

Hyperchloremic Subgroup

Moderate/Severe AKI

Hyperchloremic Subgroup

Odds Ratio

Univariable

P-value

Odds Ratio

Multivariable

P-value

Odds Ratio

Multivariable

P-value

Cl0

per mEq/L increase

1.01

(0.94–1.09)

0.7317

0.99

(0.89–1.09)

0.8072

0.95

(0. 81–1.11)

0.5200

Age, years

1.00

(0.98–1.01)

0.5412

–

–

–

–

Male

1.65

(0.95–2.87)

0.0774

1.72

(0.80–3.69)

0.1625

3.03

(0.89–10.29)

0.0750

African-American

1.25

(0.72–2.17)

0.4338

–

–

–

–

Baseline eGFR

per mL/min/1.73m2

1.00

(0.99–1.01)

0.9957

–

–

–

–

Diabetes

0.61

(0.30–1.23)

0.1672

0.54

(0.22–1.35)

0.1874

0.75

(0.22–2.61)

0.6514

Hypertension

0.63

(0.36–1.10)

0.1045

0.753

(0.37–1.54)

0.4370

1.02

(0.36–2.93)

0.9655

Heart failure

3.97

(1.11–14.15)

0.0338

3.86

(0.93–16.06)

0.0633

1.90

(0.22–16.62)

0.5640

Anemia

1.26

(0.50–3.18)

0.6305

–

–

–

–

Diuretic

2.37

(1.34–4.16)

0.0028

2.631

(1.21–5.74)

0.0150

1.75

(0.56–5.45)

0.3362

Statin

0.64

(0.33–1.22)

0.1760

0.47

(0.21–1.07)

0.0728

1.00

(0.31–3.22)

0.9996

Iodine contrast

1.24

(0.68–2.27)

0.4783

–

–

–

–

Aminoglycoside

1.20

(0.46–3.14)

0.7131

–

–

–

–

Oliguria

5.35

(2.25–12.72)

0.0002

3.54

(1.20–10.46)

0.0223

10.77

(2.84–40.85)

0.0005

CFB 72 h

per 100 ml increase

1.00

(1.00–1.02)

0.0342

1.00

(1.00–1.01)

0.1772

1.05

(1.00–1.01)

0.0910

Pressor or inotrope

2.49

(1.42–4.37)

0.0014

1.28

(0.53–3.05)

0.5839

1.77

(0.45–6.87)

0.4122

Mechanical ventilation

1.96

(1.11–3.46)

0.0212

0.84

(0.34–2.03)

0.6944

0.72

(0.19–2.76)

0.6359

Red blood cell transfusion

0.64

(0.18–2.26)

0.4908

–

–

–

–

Base Deficit

per mEq/L increase

1.03

(0.98–1.09)

0.2254

1.06

0.99–1.14

0.1211

1.10

(1.00–1.20)

0.0512

APACHE II score, per unit increase

1.05

(1.01–1.09)

0.0231

–

–

–

–

SOFA score

per unit increase

1.19

(1.11–1.29)

<.0001

1.12

(0.99–1.27)

0.0772

1.06

(0.88–1.27)

0.5502

  1. *eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate based on Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation; SCr = serum creatinine; iodine contrast only if intravenous or intra-arterial; CFB = cumulative fluid balance; oliguria defined as urine output less than 500 ml in 24 h; anemia = admission hematocrit <39% for men and <36% for women; APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Any AKI, KDIGO Stage ≥1 SCr-based; Moderate/severe AKI, KDIGO Stage ≥2 SCr-based
  2. The univariate logistic regression analyses are investigating 20 variables as potential predictors of AKI. The two multivariate models are investigating the association between chloride levels on admission (Cl0) and 1) any AKI at 72 h and 2) moderate/severe AKI at 72 h in the hyperchloremic subgroup. Both models are adjusted for variables with P-value <0.25 on univariate analysis. Variables included for confounding adjustment in the final model are gender, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, diuretics, statins, oliguria, cumulative fluid balance, pressor or inotrope, mechanical ventilation, base deficit and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) was not included in either multivariable model because of collinearity with SOFA score
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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