Fig. 1

Frequency (a, b) and number (c, d) of metabolic risk factors in the whole cohort (a, c; n = 215) and in patients with calcium oxalate containing stones (b, d; n = 169) according to gender. The incidence of hypocitraturia at baseline was significantly higher in female patients (* p < 0.05.), whereas the other risk factors did not show a significant difference