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Table 1 Characteristics of patients

From: Health care costs associated with hospital acquired complications in patients with chronic kidney disease

 

All patients

With preventable HAC

No preventable HAC

Demographics

 Number of subjects (%)

With CKD

45,521 (100)

4463 (9.8)

41,058 (92.2)

No CKD

490,719 (100)

26,374 (5.4)

464,442 (94.6)

 Age, mean

With CKD

72

75

72

No CKD

50

61

50

 Male (%)

With CKD

43

46.02

43.4

No CKD

50

51

50

Top 3 most responsible diagnosis (reason for admission) categories (%) in patients with CKD

 Disease of circulatory system (%)

With CKD

21

29

20

No CKD

12

23

11

 Neoplasm (%)

With CKD

11

15

11

No CKD

9

17

9

 Disease of the digestive system (%)

With CKD

11.1

10

11.3

No CKD

14

13

14

Admission type (Urgent %)

With CKD

71

67

72

No CKD

71

65

70

Preventable HACs (n) (%)

Zero

With CKD

41,058 (92)

41,058 (92)

 

No CKD

464,442 (94)

 

464,442 (94)

One

With CKD

2836 (6.8)

 

No CKD

 

18,083 (3.8)

 

2–3

With CKD

1225 (3)

 

No CKD

 

6488 (1.2)

 

4–5

With CKD

284 (0.6)

 

No CKD

 

1244 (0.3)

 

>5

With CKD

118 (0.2)

 

No CKD

 

599 (0.1)

 

Length of stay (LOS) means (25% - 75%)

With CKD

10 (2–7)

23 (7–29)

9 (2–9)

No CKD

10 (2–11)

20 (6–23)

6 (1–6)

Length of stay (LOS) (Median)

With CKD

5

13

5

No CKD

5

11

3

Index hospitalization cost (hospital + physician claims) (SD)

With CKD

6397 (18,051)

18,883 (39,649)

5848 (12,034)

No CKD

5057 (16,879)

16,362 (44,628)

4883 (12,283)

Post index cost (ambulatory care + physician claims) (SD)

With CKD

559 (13,202)

797 (20,171)

539 (12,159)

No CKD

348 (11,511)

646 (23,808)

337 (10198)

Readmission cost (SD)

With CKD

3310 (12,934)

6133 (19,910)

3001 (11,890)

No CKD

2038 (11,317)

5888 (23,555)

1796 (10,010)

  1. All differences were statistically significant p < 0.05