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Table 2 Multilevel Cox proportional hazards models for late nephrologist referrals and clinical factors of all-cause mortality

From: Unfavorable effects of history of volume overload and late referral to a nephrologist on mortality in patients initiating dialysis: a multicenter prospective cohort study in Japan

Factors of all-cause mortality (n = 1475)

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

AHR (95% CI)

Late referral to a nephrologist

1.41 (1.06–1.89)

1.47 (1.10–1.96)

1.35 (1.00–1.82)

1.33 (0.99–1.79)

Age (per year)

1.05 (1.04–1.07)

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

1.05 (1.03–1.06)

Sex (male)

1.61 (1.21–2.13)

1.49 (1.12–1.98)

1.46 (1.09–1.94)

1.47 (1.10–1.77)

Medical history

 Volume overload

1.53 (1.18–1.97)

1.39 (1.06–1.81)

1.39 (1.06–1.81)

1.35 (1.03–1.77)

 Malignancy

 

1.59 (1.15–2.20)

1.58 (1.14–2.20)

1.53 (1.11–2.13)

Comorbidity

 Diabetes mellitus

 

0.98 (0.76–1.27)

0.96 (0.75–1.24)

0.99 (0.76–1.28)

 Atherosclerotic disease

 

1.72 (1.32–2.22)

1.68 (1.30–2.18)

1.69 (1.30–2.19)

Laboratory data

 Serum albumin (g/dL)

  

0.72 (0.58–0.89)

0.76 (0.61–0.95)

 Phosphate (mg/dL)

  

1.04 (0.97–1.11)

1.03 (0.96–1.10)

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

   

0.92 (0.84–1.00)

  1. AHR adjusted hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aAdjusted for age, sex, and history of volume overload
  3. bAdjusted for variables in model 1 plus history of malignancy and comorbidities of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic disease
  4. cAdjusted for variables in model 2 plus serum albumin and phosphate
  5. dAdjusted for variables in model 3 plus hemoglobin
  6. Bold data is one that does not include the value 1 in the 95% confidence interval
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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